LSU Immunology & serology EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
Description:
Prepare thoroughly for your Clinical Immunology and Serology exams with this comprehensive
study guide for the years 2026 and 2027. This guide includes a detailed collection of the most
relevant and up-to-date questions, each accompanied by verified correct answers to ensure
you’re fully prepared for your exams. Topics covered range from antigen-antibody reactions to
key immunology techniques such as agglutination, precipitation, and immunodiffusion. You'll
find a wealth of essential terms, laboratory procedures, and diagnostic serology concepts that are
critical to mastering this field. This study guide also includes flashcards for quick revision,
making it easy to test your knowledge on the go. Designed to help you achieve a 100%
guaranteed pass, this newest version is the most complete and reliable resource for mastering
Clinical Immunology and Serology, giving you the confidence needed for success on exam day.
Keywords:
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY EXAM, SEROLOGY
EXAM STUDY, IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS, SEROLOGY QUESTIONS, GUARANTEED
PASS, VERIFIED ANSWERS, ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTIONS, AGGLUTINATION,
PRECIPITATION, IMMUNODIFFUSION, HYPERSENSITIVITY, LABORATORY
PROCEDURES, AUTOIMMUNITY, DIAGNOSTIC SEROLOGY, MEDICAL EXAM
PREPARATION
,Active immunity
- Individual Produces antibody
- Follows immunization or infection
- Memory (long term)
Passive
- Antibody transferred to individual
- Ex: injections/placental transfer
- No Memory (short term)
active
what type of immunity is associated with rubella immunization
passive
what type of immunity is associated with neonatal (<4mths) syphilitic IgG ab titers
natural (innate)
- Non-specific
- No Memory
- EX: skin, stomach acid, PMNs, NK cells
Adaptive (acquired)
- Specific
- Memory
- Ex: T cells (cytokines)/ B cells (abs)
cellular immunity
- T cell/lymphokines
- Primary defense Against viral/ fungal infections (intracellular)
- Hypersensitivity Type IV (delayed); transplant rejections/contact dermatitis)
Humoral immunity
- B cell (Plasma Cell)/ab
- Defense against (bacteria) extracellular; phagocytosis
- Type I (immediate, IgE), II (ADCC), III (Immune Complex) hypersensitivities
Good Antigens (affect immunogenicity)
- Large size (at least 10 KDa)
- High complexity
- Chemical composition ( proteins and polysaccharides are better than carbs,lipids &
nucleic acid)
- foreignness
Igg
- Greatest concentration in serum (75% of total ab concentration)
- 4 subclasses
- Activates complement
- Crosses placenta
- equally distributed in intravascular/extra spaces
- Major role in neutralizing toxins
IgG3
which subclass of IgG is most efficient in binding complement
igg3
igg4
Which igG are associated with autoimmune diseases
,IgM
- Largest ab (pentamer- 5 monomers held tg by a J-chain)
- fixes complement best (10 function binding cites)
- Prominent in early immune response (acute infection)
- 5-10% of total ab concentration
- 1st to appear in fetus/neonate
IgA
- Predominant ab in body secretions (saliva, tears, nasal mucosa)
- Primary defense against local infections at mucosal surface
- 2 subclasses
IgD
- Unknown functin
- Present on Mature B cell surface
- Participates in B cell activation
IgE
- Type I hypersensitivity
- Involved in release of histamines from mast cells leading to allergic reaction
monolonal abs
- Can be used to diff T and B cells by detecting cell surface markers (CD markers) with
flow cytometry, ELISA, or immunofluorescence
- Produced by immunizing mouse with specific ag, combining mouse spleen cells with
myeloma cells (plasma cells fuse with myeloma cells forming a hybridoma)
- hybridoma can produce monoclonal abs for indefinite period of time
monoclonal abs
enzyme immunoassays
what are ways that to eval T & B cells
T cell
- ~80% of circulating lymphs
- immune response against viral infections and tumors
- important in delayed hypersensitivity reaction
- inhibit response to self-antigens
t cell receptor (TCR1/TCR2)
what is the surface receptor for T cells
CD2
CD3
CD4
CD25
CD8
What are the surface markers for T cells
cd2
Rosette with SRBCs
cd3
associated with TCR
cd4
t helper cell/ T reg cell
- Release cytokines
, - interact with B cells
- suppress immune response
CD24
t reg cells
- suppress immune response
cd 8
t cytotoxic
- interact with b cell
b cells
- ~5-15% of total circulating lymphs
- Surface immunoglobulin (IgD/IdM)
- complement receptors
- evolves into plasma cells which secrete ab
- become memory cell
- Antibodies produced neutralize toxins, activate complement and act as opsonins
cd 19
20
21
what are the surface markers for b cells
nk cells
- large lymphs ~ 5-15% of circulating lymphs
- No TCR, No Surface immunoglobulin
- important in killing virus and infected cells and tumor cells
- cytotoxic w/o MHC restriction
- Ab dependent cellular cytotoxicity
cd16
56
what are the surface markers for NKcells
AIDs
what type of pts have an inverse T helper: t cytotoxic ratio (1:2)
complement
- controls inflammation; activates phagocytes (chemotaxis; C5A); opsonization
opsonization
enhances phagocytic binding by coating foreign organism and attaching to complement
receptors on neutrophils and monocytes (Major opsonin C3b)
calcium
mag
Complement cascades (pathways) require what
c1
Control protein
- esterase inhibitor
c4
control protein
- binding protein
factor I
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
Description:
Prepare thoroughly for your Clinical Immunology and Serology exams with this comprehensive
study guide for the years 2026 and 2027. This guide includes a detailed collection of the most
relevant and up-to-date questions, each accompanied by verified correct answers to ensure
you’re fully prepared for your exams. Topics covered range from antigen-antibody reactions to
key immunology techniques such as agglutination, precipitation, and immunodiffusion. You'll
find a wealth of essential terms, laboratory procedures, and diagnostic serology concepts that are
critical to mastering this field. This study guide also includes flashcards for quick revision,
making it easy to test your knowledge on the go. Designed to help you achieve a 100%
guaranteed pass, this newest version is the most complete and reliable resource for mastering
Clinical Immunology and Serology, giving you the confidence needed for success on exam day.
Keywords:
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY EXAM, SEROLOGY
EXAM STUDY, IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS, SEROLOGY QUESTIONS, GUARANTEED
PASS, VERIFIED ANSWERS, ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTIONS, AGGLUTINATION,
PRECIPITATION, IMMUNODIFFUSION, HYPERSENSITIVITY, LABORATORY
PROCEDURES, AUTOIMMUNITY, DIAGNOSTIC SEROLOGY, MEDICAL EXAM
PREPARATION
,Active immunity
- Individual Produces antibody
- Follows immunization or infection
- Memory (long term)
Passive
- Antibody transferred to individual
- Ex: injections/placental transfer
- No Memory (short term)
active
what type of immunity is associated with rubella immunization
passive
what type of immunity is associated with neonatal (<4mths) syphilitic IgG ab titers
natural (innate)
- Non-specific
- No Memory
- EX: skin, stomach acid, PMNs, NK cells
Adaptive (acquired)
- Specific
- Memory
- Ex: T cells (cytokines)/ B cells (abs)
cellular immunity
- T cell/lymphokines
- Primary defense Against viral/ fungal infections (intracellular)
- Hypersensitivity Type IV (delayed); transplant rejections/contact dermatitis)
Humoral immunity
- B cell (Plasma Cell)/ab
- Defense against (bacteria) extracellular; phagocytosis
- Type I (immediate, IgE), II (ADCC), III (Immune Complex) hypersensitivities
Good Antigens (affect immunogenicity)
- Large size (at least 10 KDa)
- High complexity
- Chemical composition ( proteins and polysaccharides are better than carbs,lipids &
nucleic acid)
- foreignness
Igg
- Greatest concentration in serum (75% of total ab concentration)
- 4 subclasses
- Activates complement
- Crosses placenta
- equally distributed in intravascular/extra spaces
- Major role in neutralizing toxins
IgG3
which subclass of IgG is most efficient in binding complement
igg3
igg4
Which igG are associated with autoimmune diseases
,IgM
- Largest ab (pentamer- 5 monomers held tg by a J-chain)
- fixes complement best (10 function binding cites)
- Prominent in early immune response (acute infection)
- 5-10% of total ab concentration
- 1st to appear in fetus/neonate
IgA
- Predominant ab in body secretions (saliva, tears, nasal mucosa)
- Primary defense against local infections at mucosal surface
- 2 subclasses
IgD
- Unknown functin
- Present on Mature B cell surface
- Participates in B cell activation
IgE
- Type I hypersensitivity
- Involved in release of histamines from mast cells leading to allergic reaction
monolonal abs
- Can be used to diff T and B cells by detecting cell surface markers (CD markers) with
flow cytometry, ELISA, or immunofluorescence
- Produced by immunizing mouse with specific ag, combining mouse spleen cells with
myeloma cells (plasma cells fuse with myeloma cells forming a hybridoma)
- hybridoma can produce monoclonal abs for indefinite period of time
monoclonal abs
enzyme immunoassays
what are ways that to eval T & B cells
T cell
- ~80% of circulating lymphs
- immune response against viral infections and tumors
- important in delayed hypersensitivity reaction
- inhibit response to self-antigens
t cell receptor (TCR1/TCR2)
what is the surface receptor for T cells
CD2
CD3
CD4
CD25
CD8
What are the surface markers for T cells
cd2
Rosette with SRBCs
cd3
associated with TCR
cd4
t helper cell/ T reg cell
- Release cytokines
, - interact with B cells
- suppress immune response
CD24
t reg cells
- suppress immune response
cd 8
t cytotoxic
- interact with b cell
b cells
- ~5-15% of total circulating lymphs
- Surface immunoglobulin (IgD/IdM)
- complement receptors
- evolves into plasma cells which secrete ab
- become memory cell
- Antibodies produced neutralize toxins, activate complement and act as opsonins
cd 19
20
21
what are the surface markers for b cells
nk cells
- large lymphs ~ 5-15% of circulating lymphs
- No TCR, No Surface immunoglobulin
- important in killing virus and infected cells and tumor cells
- cytotoxic w/o MHC restriction
- Ab dependent cellular cytotoxicity
cd16
56
what are the surface markers for NKcells
AIDs
what type of pts have an inverse T helper: t cytotoxic ratio (1:2)
complement
- controls inflammation; activates phagocytes (chemotaxis; C5A); opsonization
opsonization
enhances phagocytic binding by coating foreign organism and attaching to complement
receptors on neutrophils and monocytes (Major opsonin C3b)
calcium
mag
Complement cascades (pathways) require what
c1
Control protein
- esterase inhibitor
c4
control protein
- binding protein
factor I
