AP-2 Module 7 – Urinary
System Anatomy:
Comprehensive Overview
Study Guide
The urinary system has ____ kidneys, _____ ureters, and _____ bladder.
2; 2; 1
Describe the shape, weight and location of the adult kidney.
An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs about
5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left because of the liver's
location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the rib cage because
of their location between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
The ____glands are located on top of each kidney.
Adrenal glands
Describe the three layers of protective tissue that surround the kidney.
The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue. The renal
capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which protects it from injury
and infection. Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney
from trauma called the adipose capsule. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous
connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.
A vertical cross section shows what three regions inside the kidney?
The cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis.
, The _____ is a continuous outer region with several cortical columns
Renal cortex
The renal medulla is divided into sections called _____.
Pyramids
Describe the renal pelvis.
The renal pelvis constitutes a funnel-shaped tube that connects to the ureter as it
leaves the hilus.
Label blood supply to and within the kidney. Make any notes/comments here.
Trace the flow of blood through the vessels of the kidney from renal artery into
the glomerulus and back to the renal vein.
(1) Renal artery, (2) Segmental artery, (3) Lobar artery, (4) Interlobar artery, (5)
Arcuate artery, (6) Interlobular artery, (7) Afferent arteriole, (8) Glomerular
capillaries, (9) Efferent arteriole, (10) Peritubular or Vasa recta capillaries, (11)
Interlobular vein, (12) Arcuate vein, (13) Interlobar vein, (14) Renal vein
Input from the _______ adjusts the diameter of the renal arteries thereby
regulating renal blood flow.
Sympathetic nervous system
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder by thin muscular tubes called
____.
Ureters
______are sphincters located where the ureters enter the bladder.
Ureterovesical valves
Describe the three layers of the ureter wall.
The inner lining, made of transitional epithelium, is continuous with the kidney's
lining. The middle layer is two sheets of muscle, one longitudinal and the other
circular. The outer adventitia layer is fibrous connective tissue.
System Anatomy:
Comprehensive Overview
Study Guide
The urinary system has ____ kidneys, _____ ureters, and _____ bladder.
2; 2; 1
Describe the shape, weight and location of the adult kidney.
An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs about
5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left because of the liver's
location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the rib cage because
of their location between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
The ____glands are located on top of each kidney.
Adrenal glands
Describe the three layers of protective tissue that surround the kidney.
The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue. The renal
capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which protects it from injury
and infection. Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney
from trauma called the adipose capsule. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous
connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.
A vertical cross section shows what three regions inside the kidney?
The cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis.
, The _____ is a continuous outer region with several cortical columns
Renal cortex
The renal medulla is divided into sections called _____.
Pyramids
Describe the renal pelvis.
The renal pelvis constitutes a funnel-shaped tube that connects to the ureter as it
leaves the hilus.
Label blood supply to and within the kidney. Make any notes/comments here.
Trace the flow of blood through the vessels of the kidney from renal artery into
the glomerulus and back to the renal vein.
(1) Renal artery, (2) Segmental artery, (3) Lobar artery, (4) Interlobar artery, (5)
Arcuate artery, (6) Interlobular artery, (7) Afferent arteriole, (8) Glomerular
capillaries, (9) Efferent arteriole, (10) Peritubular or Vasa recta capillaries, (11)
Interlobular vein, (12) Arcuate vein, (13) Interlobar vein, (14) Renal vein
Input from the _______ adjusts the diameter of the renal arteries thereby
regulating renal blood flow.
Sympathetic nervous system
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder by thin muscular tubes called
____.
Ureters
______are sphincters located where the ureters enter the bladder.
Ureterovesical valves
Describe the three layers of the ureter wall.
The inner lining, made of transitional epithelium, is continuous with the kidney's
lining. The middle layer is two sheets of muscle, one longitudinal and the other
circular. The outer adventitia layer is fibrous connective tissue.
