WGU C182 UPDATED EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔When were mainframes introduced and computer no longer restricted to
government labs or universities? - ✔✔The second generation.
✔✔What characteristics did third generation computers share? - ✔✔Silicon chips (AKA
IC)
✔✔When were minicomputers, dumb terminals and families of computers introduced?
Small businesses were also able to begin using computers. - ✔✔The third generation
✔✔When was the software development field introduced? - ✔✔The third generation
✔✔When was the single-chip processor introduced? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔When were personal computers first viable? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔What was the first personal computer? - ✔✔The Mark 8
✔✔Was the Apple 1 considered a kit computer? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔When were GUIs introduced? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔What is the most significant change that has occurred with computers since the
fourth generation began? - ✔✔Miniaturization
✔✔What does Moore's law say? - ✔✔That the number of transistors on a chip would
double every year
✔✔Did chip count increase linearly or by orders of magnitude? - ✔✔Orders of
magnitude
✔✔Is Moore's law a physical law? - ✔✔No, it is an observation
✔✔What is a pipelined CPU? - ✔✔The fetch-execute cycle is performed in an
overlapped fashion on several instructions. For instance, while instruction 1 is being
executed, instruction 2 is being decoded and instruction 3 is being fetched.
✔✔What were early computer programs written in? - ✔✔Machine language
✔✔Who wrote the earliest programs? - ✔✔The engineers who used the computer
,✔✔Where does the term bug come from? - ✔✔An early programmer could not get his
program working even though the vacuum tubes were working, his logic was correct,
and the program was correctly entered. It turned out that a moth had somehow gotten
into a relay switch so that it would not pass current
✔✔Which came first, translators or compilers? - ✔✔Translators
✔✔What were translators also known as? - ✔✔Assemblers
✔✔What came after machine language? - ✔✔Assembly language
✔✔When were high-level languages introduced? - ✔✔1959
✔✔Compilers were used with high level languages and improved on translators. -
✔✔True
✔✔What was the first high-level programming language? - ✔✔FORTRAN (Formula
Translator) - Used for mathematic calculations
✔✔What other high-level languages came out around the same time as FORTRAN? -
✔✔COBOL , LISP, Simula and SNOBAL
✔✔What is COBOL? - ✔✔Common Business Oriented Language
✔✔What is LISP - ✔✔A language developed to support artificial intelligence research
✔✔What is SNOBAL? - ✔✔A string manipulation language
✔✔What is Simula? - ✔✔A simulation language
✔✔Who could become a programmer with the advent of high-level languages? -
✔✔Anyone with an aptitude for computers
✔✔What was a resident monitor? - ✔✔The earliest operating system. It would always
be resident in memory, available to be called upon by any user. It would monitor a
single users requests.
✔✔What is an operating system? - ✔✔At its most simple description, an operating
system (OS) is a program. Its primary task is to allow a computer user to easily access
the hardware and software of a computer system. Beyond this, we might say that an OS
is required to maintain the computer's environment.
✔✔Did operating systems also handle user protection? - ✔✔No
, ✔✔Were early operating system text based? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What was the most popular operating system for early personal computers? -
✔✔MS-DOS
✔✔When was structured programming introduced? - ✔✔The 1970's
✔✔GOTO statements were introduced with structured programming - ✔✔true
✔✔What did the use of GOTOs introduce? - ✔✔Spaghetti code
✔✔What were the most popular structured programming languages in the 1970s? -
✔✔C and Pascal
✔✔When was Object-Oriented programming introduced? - ✔✔The 1980's
✔✔What language originally introduced OOP? - ✔✔Smalltalk
✔✔What was C++ based on? - ✔✔Smalltalk
✔✔Who created the first GUI? - ✔✔Xerox Parc
✔✔What computer had the first GUI? - ✔✔The Apple Lisa
✔✔What was the first widely accepted personal computer? - ✔✔The Apple II
✔✔What allowed people with little to no training to use a computer? - ✔✔The GUI
✔✔What is the difference between a compiler and a interpreter? - ✔✔A compiler
required that all components be created before compiling the code. A translator allows
you to test one line of code at a time.
✔✔What was one of the first languages to use an interpreter? - ✔✔LISP
✔✔What does an interpreter do? - ✔✔The programmer enters a command, then the
interpreter converts that command to machine language and executes it. Interpreted
programming relies on the notion of a session. If the programmer succeeds in executing
several instructions that go together, then the programmer can wrap them up into a
program
✔✔What does a compiler do? - ✔✔In the compiled language, the entire program is
written before it can be compiled, which is necessary before it can be executed. The
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔When were mainframes introduced and computer no longer restricted to
government labs or universities? - ✔✔The second generation.
✔✔What characteristics did third generation computers share? - ✔✔Silicon chips (AKA
IC)
✔✔When were minicomputers, dumb terminals and families of computers introduced?
Small businesses were also able to begin using computers. - ✔✔The third generation
✔✔When was the software development field introduced? - ✔✔The third generation
✔✔When was the single-chip processor introduced? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔When were personal computers first viable? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔What was the first personal computer? - ✔✔The Mark 8
✔✔Was the Apple 1 considered a kit computer? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔When were GUIs introduced? - ✔✔The fourth generation
✔✔What is the most significant change that has occurred with computers since the
fourth generation began? - ✔✔Miniaturization
✔✔What does Moore's law say? - ✔✔That the number of transistors on a chip would
double every year
✔✔Did chip count increase linearly or by orders of magnitude? - ✔✔Orders of
magnitude
✔✔Is Moore's law a physical law? - ✔✔No, it is an observation
✔✔What is a pipelined CPU? - ✔✔The fetch-execute cycle is performed in an
overlapped fashion on several instructions. For instance, while instruction 1 is being
executed, instruction 2 is being decoded and instruction 3 is being fetched.
✔✔What were early computer programs written in? - ✔✔Machine language
✔✔Who wrote the earliest programs? - ✔✔The engineers who used the computer
,✔✔Where does the term bug come from? - ✔✔An early programmer could not get his
program working even though the vacuum tubes were working, his logic was correct,
and the program was correctly entered. It turned out that a moth had somehow gotten
into a relay switch so that it would not pass current
✔✔Which came first, translators or compilers? - ✔✔Translators
✔✔What were translators also known as? - ✔✔Assemblers
✔✔What came after machine language? - ✔✔Assembly language
✔✔When were high-level languages introduced? - ✔✔1959
✔✔Compilers were used with high level languages and improved on translators. -
✔✔True
✔✔What was the first high-level programming language? - ✔✔FORTRAN (Formula
Translator) - Used for mathematic calculations
✔✔What other high-level languages came out around the same time as FORTRAN? -
✔✔COBOL , LISP, Simula and SNOBAL
✔✔What is COBOL? - ✔✔Common Business Oriented Language
✔✔What is LISP - ✔✔A language developed to support artificial intelligence research
✔✔What is SNOBAL? - ✔✔A string manipulation language
✔✔What is Simula? - ✔✔A simulation language
✔✔Who could become a programmer with the advent of high-level languages? -
✔✔Anyone with an aptitude for computers
✔✔What was a resident monitor? - ✔✔The earliest operating system. It would always
be resident in memory, available to be called upon by any user. It would monitor a
single users requests.
✔✔What is an operating system? - ✔✔At its most simple description, an operating
system (OS) is a program. Its primary task is to allow a computer user to easily access
the hardware and software of a computer system. Beyond this, we might say that an OS
is required to maintain the computer's environment.
✔✔Did operating systems also handle user protection? - ✔✔No
, ✔✔Were early operating system text based? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What was the most popular operating system for early personal computers? -
✔✔MS-DOS
✔✔When was structured programming introduced? - ✔✔The 1970's
✔✔GOTO statements were introduced with structured programming - ✔✔true
✔✔What did the use of GOTOs introduce? - ✔✔Spaghetti code
✔✔What were the most popular structured programming languages in the 1970s? -
✔✔C and Pascal
✔✔When was Object-Oriented programming introduced? - ✔✔The 1980's
✔✔What language originally introduced OOP? - ✔✔Smalltalk
✔✔What was C++ based on? - ✔✔Smalltalk
✔✔Who created the first GUI? - ✔✔Xerox Parc
✔✔What computer had the first GUI? - ✔✔The Apple Lisa
✔✔What was the first widely accepted personal computer? - ✔✔The Apple II
✔✔What allowed people with little to no training to use a computer? - ✔✔The GUI
✔✔What is the difference between a compiler and a interpreter? - ✔✔A compiler
required that all components be created before compiling the code. A translator allows
you to test one line of code at a time.
✔✔What was one of the first languages to use an interpreter? - ✔✔LISP
✔✔What does an interpreter do? - ✔✔The programmer enters a command, then the
interpreter converts that command to machine language and executes it. Interpreted
programming relies on the notion of a session. If the programmer succeeds in executing
several instructions that go together, then the programmer can wrap them up into a
program
✔✔What does a compiler do? - ✔✔In the compiled language, the entire program is
written before it can be compiled, which is necessary before it can be executed. The
