PHYS 261 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of
myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?
Ca2+ only
K+ only
Na+ only
both Ca2+ and K+
both Na+ and K+. Answer: Na+ only
◉ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
,the volume of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of
the heart during one contraction. Answer: c. end-diastolic volume
(EDV)
◉ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood left in the ventricle after it contracts. Answer: E.
end-systolic volume (ESV)
◉ The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a
contraction is called the
end-diastolic volume.
stroke volume.
cardiac reserve.
cardiac output.
end-systolic volume.. Answer: stroke volume.
, ◉ What happens when calcium binds troponin?
Troponin binds to actin and causes sarcomere shortening.
Troponin changes shape and covers the SR calcium channel, which is
a form of negative feedback.
Tropomyosin is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
Troponin releases myosin and activates actin.. Answer: Tropomyosin
is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
◉ The driving force for blood flow is a(n) ________ gradient.
gravity
pressure
osmotic
volume. Answer: pressure
◉ Which would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?
an increase in arterial resistance
a decrease in cardiac output
a decrease in arterial diameter
EXAM ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of
myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?
Ca2+ only
K+ only
Na+ only
both Ca2+ and K+
both Na+ and K+. Answer: Na+ only
◉ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
,the volume of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of
the heart during one contraction. Answer: c. end-diastolic volume
(EDV)
◉ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood left in the ventricle after it contracts. Answer: E.
end-systolic volume (ESV)
◉ The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a
contraction is called the
end-diastolic volume.
stroke volume.
cardiac reserve.
cardiac output.
end-systolic volume.. Answer: stroke volume.
, ◉ What happens when calcium binds troponin?
Troponin binds to actin and causes sarcomere shortening.
Troponin changes shape and covers the SR calcium channel, which is
a form of negative feedback.
Tropomyosin is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
Troponin releases myosin and activates actin.. Answer: Tropomyosin
is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
◉ The driving force for blood flow is a(n) ________ gradient.
gravity
pressure
osmotic
volume. Answer: pressure
◉ Which would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?
an increase in arterial resistance
a decrease in cardiac output
a decrease in arterial diameter
