MMG 201- Exam 1 Questions With
Accurate Answers
Microbiology - ANSWER study of organisms to small to be seen without
magnification
Microorganisms - ANSWER a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium,
virus, or fungus
Identify the major branches of microbes studied in microbiology - ANSWER
bacteria/Archaea
fungus
viruses
protozoa
helminths
algae
prions
Explain the concept: microbes are ubiquitous on and in Earth - ANSWER
"Microbes are ubiquitous on and in Earth" means that microbes are found
almost everywhere and in everything on the planet
Explain how microbes make life on Earth possible for other organisms -
ANSWER Photosynthesis: microorganisms partake in this which accounts for
more than 50% of the earth's photosynthesis, contributing a majority of the
oxygen.
Decomposition: Microbes are needed to decompose chemical elements.
Element recycling: microbes drive that main forces of the structure and content
of soil, water, and atmosphere.
Identify the basic characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWER
Prokaryotic cells:
- microscopic unicellular organisms
- lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells:
- unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular
- nucleus and membrane-bound organelles present
,Compare the relative sizes of bacteria, fungi, single celled eukaryotes, and
viruses - ANSWER Bacteria: second smallest; smaller than most plant and
animal cells- 0.2-2.0 micrometers
Fungi: small; smallest are 2-10 micrometers. Average are 5-50 micrometers
(^Equivalent^)
Single-celled Eukaryotes: 10-100 micrometers
Viruses: smallest; 20-400 nm
Explain the experiments that disproved Spontaneous Generation - ANSWER life
arises from vital forces present in non-living matter
Biogenesis Theory: living things only from same kind
- killing preexisting microbes
- seal flask; no growth
- break flask; exposed to air -> growth present
Compare the timeline of emergence of prokaryotes, single celled eukaryotes,
and multi celled eukaryotes - ANSWER Prokaryotes: 3.8 billion years ago
Eukaryotes: 2.7 billion billion years ago
Single-celled Eukaryotes:
Multi-celled Eukaryotes:
Determine the conclusions that would be made about the origin of life by
believers in the Germ Theory and the Spontaneous Generation Theories -
ANSWER Germ Theory:
many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific
microorganisms within the body
Spontaneous Generation Theory:
living organisms can originate from inanimate objects which is not accurate and
not possible
List and explain the steps in Koch's postulates.
Recognize situations in which these requirements are not met. - ANSWER 1.
suspected growth must be present in every case of the disease
2. germs must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3 cultivated germ must cause disease whom it is inoculated into healthy,
susceptible, experimental host
4. same germ must be re-isolated from diseased experimental host
** postulate doesn't work if the animal/plat host is not susceptible to disease or
express any certain symptoms
, Write and recognize appropriate microbial nomenclature to the genus and
species levels - ANSWER genus is capitalized
species is lowercase
italicized
- place of isolation, descriptive, scientist, organization
Pathogen - ANSWER Any agent, especially a virus, bacterium, fungus,
protozoan, that causes disease.
Microscopic - ANSWER Invisible to the naked eye
Microbes - ANSWER A living thing too small to be seen without magnification; an
organism of microscopic size.
Bacteria - ANSWER Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell
walls and a single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely
distributed in the earth's habitats.
Viruses - ANSWER Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid
surrounded by a protein coat.
Fungi - ANSWER Heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organism
which may take the form of a larger macroscopic organism, as in the case of
mushrooms, or a smaller microscopic organism, as in the case of yeast and
molds.
Protozoa - ANSWER A group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms.
Algae - ANSWER Photosynthetic, plantlike organisms which generally lack the
complex structure of plants; they may be single-celled or multicellular, & inhabit
diverse habitats such as marine & freshwater environments, glaciers, & hot
springs.
Helminths - ANSWER multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms
Macroscopic - ANSWER Visible to the naked eye.
Prokaryote - ANSWER Small cells, lacking special structures such as a nucleus
and organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms.
Eukaryote - ANSWER A cell that differs from a prokaryotic cell chiefly by having
a nuclear membrane (a well defined nucleus), membrane-bonded sub cellular
organelles, & mitotic cell division.
Accurate Answers
Microbiology - ANSWER study of organisms to small to be seen without
magnification
Microorganisms - ANSWER a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium,
virus, or fungus
Identify the major branches of microbes studied in microbiology - ANSWER
bacteria/Archaea
fungus
viruses
protozoa
helminths
algae
prions
Explain the concept: microbes are ubiquitous on and in Earth - ANSWER
"Microbes are ubiquitous on and in Earth" means that microbes are found
almost everywhere and in everything on the planet
Explain how microbes make life on Earth possible for other organisms -
ANSWER Photosynthesis: microorganisms partake in this which accounts for
more than 50% of the earth's photosynthesis, contributing a majority of the
oxygen.
Decomposition: Microbes are needed to decompose chemical elements.
Element recycling: microbes drive that main forces of the structure and content
of soil, water, and atmosphere.
Identify the basic characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWER
Prokaryotic cells:
- microscopic unicellular organisms
- lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells:
- unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular
- nucleus and membrane-bound organelles present
,Compare the relative sizes of bacteria, fungi, single celled eukaryotes, and
viruses - ANSWER Bacteria: second smallest; smaller than most plant and
animal cells- 0.2-2.0 micrometers
Fungi: small; smallest are 2-10 micrometers. Average are 5-50 micrometers
(^Equivalent^)
Single-celled Eukaryotes: 10-100 micrometers
Viruses: smallest; 20-400 nm
Explain the experiments that disproved Spontaneous Generation - ANSWER life
arises from vital forces present in non-living matter
Biogenesis Theory: living things only from same kind
- killing preexisting microbes
- seal flask; no growth
- break flask; exposed to air -> growth present
Compare the timeline of emergence of prokaryotes, single celled eukaryotes,
and multi celled eukaryotes - ANSWER Prokaryotes: 3.8 billion years ago
Eukaryotes: 2.7 billion billion years ago
Single-celled Eukaryotes:
Multi-celled Eukaryotes:
Determine the conclusions that would be made about the origin of life by
believers in the Germ Theory and the Spontaneous Generation Theories -
ANSWER Germ Theory:
many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific
microorganisms within the body
Spontaneous Generation Theory:
living organisms can originate from inanimate objects which is not accurate and
not possible
List and explain the steps in Koch's postulates.
Recognize situations in which these requirements are not met. - ANSWER 1.
suspected growth must be present in every case of the disease
2. germs must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3 cultivated germ must cause disease whom it is inoculated into healthy,
susceptible, experimental host
4. same germ must be re-isolated from diseased experimental host
** postulate doesn't work if the animal/plat host is not susceptible to disease or
express any certain symptoms
, Write and recognize appropriate microbial nomenclature to the genus and
species levels - ANSWER genus is capitalized
species is lowercase
italicized
- place of isolation, descriptive, scientist, organization
Pathogen - ANSWER Any agent, especially a virus, bacterium, fungus,
protozoan, that causes disease.
Microscopic - ANSWER Invisible to the naked eye
Microbes - ANSWER A living thing too small to be seen without magnification; an
organism of microscopic size.
Bacteria - ANSWER Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell
walls and a single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely
distributed in the earth's habitats.
Viruses - ANSWER Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid
surrounded by a protein coat.
Fungi - ANSWER Heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organism
which may take the form of a larger macroscopic organism, as in the case of
mushrooms, or a smaller microscopic organism, as in the case of yeast and
molds.
Protozoa - ANSWER A group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms.
Algae - ANSWER Photosynthetic, plantlike organisms which generally lack the
complex structure of plants; they may be single-celled or multicellular, & inhabit
diverse habitats such as marine & freshwater environments, glaciers, & hot
springs.
Helminths - ANSWER multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms
Macroscopic - ANSWER Visible to the naked eye.
Prokaryote - ANSWER Small cells, lacking special structures such as a nucleus
and organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms.
Eukaryote - ANSWER A cell that differs from a prokaryotic cell chiefly by having
a nuclear membrane (a well defined nucleus), membrane-bonded sub cellular
organelles, & mitotic cell division.
