Problem-Based Learning Unit 13 Week 2 Community
Acquired Pneumonia (PBL U13W2 CAP) Exam Questions
and Answers
types of pneumonia
list the types of pneumonia (4) - ANSWER>>Community Acquired Pneumonia
(CAP)
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
types of pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops in
the community
types of pneumonia
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops
more than 48 hours after admission
types of pneumonia
ventilator-associated pneumonia - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops 48
hours after endotracheal intubation
types of pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia - ANSWER>>due to the aspiration of food or fluids, usually
in patients with impaired swallowing
pharmacology
,class of drug - aspirin - ANSWER>>NSAID
pharmacology
target & activity - aspirin - ANSWER>>target - cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX1 +
COX2)
activity - irreversible inhibition
pharmacology
physiology - aspirin (4) - ANSWER>>1. binds to and irreversibly inhibits COX
enzymes 1 and 2
2. COX-1 produces PGs which maintains gastric mucosa, regulates platelet
aggregation & prevents AKI. inhibtion of COX-1 causes adverse effects.
3. COX-2 produces PGs which mediate inflammation. inhibition of COX-2 cause
desirable effects (analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic).
4. aspirin is unique w/ its anti-thrombotic effect
pharmacology
clinical - aspirin - ANSWER>>desirable effects:
analgesia, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory
adverse effects:
risk of AKI, GI bleeding / ulceration
pharmacology
class of drug - amlodipine - ANSWER>>calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)
pharmacology
target & activity - amlodipine - ANSWER>>target - VG Ca2+ channels
activity - channel blocker
pharmacology
physiology - amlodipine (3) - ANSWER>>1. amlodipine binds to and blocks VG
Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle
, 2. blockage of VGCa2+ channels reduces Ca2+ mobilisation in smooth muscle,
reducing contraction
3. this causes vasodilation of smooth muscle, reducing resistance and, therefore,
blood pressure
pharmacology
clinical - amlodipine (3) - ANSWER>>HTN
oedema
heart failure
pharmacology
class of drug - amoxicillin - ANSWER>>beta lactam - penicillin
pharmacology
target & activity - amoxicillin - ANSWER>>target - bacterial transpeptidases
activity - irreversible inhibition
pharmacology
physiology - amoxicillin (4) - ANSWER>>1. inhibition of transpeptidases (e.g.
Penicillin Binding Protein).
2. Inhibits cross linking of D-ala D-ala and NAG/NAM.
3. This inhibits the formation and maintenance of the peptidoglycan layer
4. Causes lysis of the bacteria due to its high osmotic potential. Bactericidal effect
pharmacology
clinical - amoxicillin (2) - ANSWER>>-broad spectrum abx
-sometimes combined w/ beta lactamase inhibitors to increase spectrum of
activity (co-amoxiclav)
pharmacology
class of drug - clarithromycin - ANSWER>>macrolide
pharmacology
Acquired Pneumonia (PBL U13W2 CAP) Exam Questions
and Answers
types of pneumonia
list the types of pneumonia (4) - ANSWER>>Community Acquired Pneumonia
(CAP)
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
types of pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops in
the community
types of pneumonia
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops
more than 48 hours after admission
types of pneumonia
ventilator-associated pneumonia - ANSWER>>pneumonia which develops 48
hours after endotracheal intubation
types of pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia - ANSWER>>due to the aspiration of food or fluids, usually
in patients with impaired swallowing
pharmacology
,class of drug - aspirin - ANSWER>>NSAID
pharmacology
target & activity - aspirin - ANSWER>>target - cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX1 +
COX2)
activity - irreversible inhibition
pharmacology
physiology - aspirin (4) - ANSWER>>1. binds to and irreversibly inhibits COX
enzymes 1 and 2
2. COX-1 produces PGs which maintains gastric mucosa, regulates platelet
aggregation & prevents AKI. inhibtion of COX-1 causes adverse effects.
3. COX-2 produces PGs which mediate inflammation. inhibition of COX-2 cause
desirable effects (analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic).
4. aspirin is unique w/ its anti-thrombotic effect
pharmacology
clinical - aspirin - ANSWER>>desirable effects:
analgesia, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory
adverse effects:
risk of AKI, GI bleeding / ulceration
pharmacology
class of drug - amlodipine - ANSWER>>calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)
pharmacology
target & activity - amlodipine - ANSWER>>target - VG Ca2+ channels
activity - channel blocker
pharmacology
physiology - amlodipine (3) - ANSWER>>1. amlodipine binds to and blocks VG
Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle
, 2. blockage of VGCa2+ channels reduces Ca2+ mobilisation in smooth muscle,
reducing contraction
3. this causes vasodilation of smooth muscle, reducing resistance and, therefore,
blood pressure
pharmacology
clinical - amlodipine (3) - ANSWER>>HTN
oedema
heart failure
pharmacology
class of drug - amoxicillin - ANSWER>>beta lactam - penicillin
pharmacology
target & activity - amoxicillin - ANSWER>>target - bacterial transpeptidases
activity - irreversible inhibition
pharmacology
physiology - amoxicillin (4) - ANSWER>>1. inhibition of transpeptidases (e.g.
Penicillin Binding Protein).
2. Inhibits cross linking of D-ala D-ala and NAG/NAM.
3. This inhibits the formation and maintenance of the peptidoglycan layer
4. Causes lysis of the bacteria due to its high osmotic potential. Bactericidal effect
pharmacology
clinical - amoxicillin (2) - ANSWER>>-broad spectrum abx
-sometimes combined w/ beta lactamase inhibitors to increase spectrum of
activity (co-amoxiclav)
pharmacology
class of drug - clarithromycin - ANSWER>>macrolide
pharmacology
