NAFA CAFS ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Case study advantages + disadvantages. Answer: ADVANTAGES:
- Collect in depth information
- Aid in understanding complex issues
DISADVANTAGES:
- Entail generalisations because data collected may be limited
- Narrow focus
- Time consuming
- Subjective
⩥ Conflict. Answer: - A natural part of the group process.
- It occurs whenever there is disagreement between people or groups
regarding the options available to solve a problem, make a decision or
reach a goal.
- The results of a conflict can be creative and constructive.
⩥ Incompatible Goals conflict. Answer: - Incompatible goals describe a
situation when two or more people have different goals, and these goals
cannot coexist in the same environment without interfering with each
other.
,- This can lead to conflict between people because trying to achieve one
of those goals would interfere with achieving the other.
- Eg. Teachers want students to work - and they want to text friends.
⩥ Individual Differences/Personality conflict. Answer: - Individual
differences/personality refers to the fact that each person has distinct
characteristics and personality traits.
- Because of this, individuals' personal thoughts and opinions differ, and
conflicts can arise.
- Eg. Person strongly believes in gay rights - another believes it is
against their religion.
⩥ Limited Resources conflict. Answer: - Having limited resources
means that there are restrictions on what a person can access to help
them deal with their problems.
- Accessing resources allows individuals to satisfy their needs and wants.
When some people have difficulty meeting their needs and wants while
others are able to meet theirs, issues of equality arise, and this can lead
to conflict because some individuals feel unhappy about the way things
have worked out.
- Eg. Person becomes unhappy with a friend who gets a giant 16th
birthday party.
⩥ Ineffective Communication confliction. Answer: - Ineffective
communication refers to having an unproductive or unsuccessful
conversation or attempt to exchange ideas with someone.
,- Mixed messages, lack of interest, passive or aggressive group
members, poor listening skills, lack of enthusiasm and an inability to see
other people's points of view
- Eg. a friend sends another a text - receiver misinterprets message.
⩥ Varying Values conflict. Answer: - Varying values refers to the fact
that different people have different moral principles and beliefs.
- These things can contribute to conflict when people disagree with each
other's attitudes, beliefs, morals or ethical ideals.
- Eg. Friend goes off to a party with another's partner.
⩥ Multiple Role Expectations conflict. Answer: - Multiple role
expectations means having more than one task or function that people
expect you to fulfil.
- Individuals might perceive their role as involving certain things and
then experience confusion when extra expectations are placed on them.
- This can lead to conflict because issues of fairness arise when
expectations are not clearly explained.
- Eg. Teacher leaves multiple tasks for class to complete - instructions
are hard to follow - the group completes work incorrectly; class and
teacher are in conflict.
⩥ Negotiation. Answer: - It is the process of discussion between 2 or
more individuals who seek to find a solution to a common problem.
- It can be cooperative or it can be confrontational.
, - Eg. A child negotiating computer time to spend on social media
accounts.
⩥ Agreement. Answer: - This is the positive outcome of mediation.
- The disputing parties have control over the agreements reached and to
ensure that it meets the needs of all parties involved.
- Eg. Computer access is negotiated, then the agreement might allow the
child to use the computer for specific time frames, as long as others have
needs considered.
⩥ Resolution. Answer: - Refers to the process of resolving a dispute or a
conflict by providing for the needs of the disputing parties, and
adequately addressing their interests so that they are satisfied with the
outcome.
- The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutions
- Eg. If the child adheres to terms of negotiation, the needs of each party
will be met and values upheld.
⩥ Mediator. Answer: - A mediator is an unbiased individual who works
with disputing parties to help them improve their communication and
their analysis of the conflict situation.
⩥ Advocate. Answer: A person who is willing to intercede on behalf of
others, to argue for, defend or campaign for others.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Case study advantages + disadvantages. Answer: ADVANTAGES:
- Collect in depth information
- Aid in understanding complex issues
DISADVANTAGES:
- Entail generalisations because data collected may be limited
- Narrow focus
- Time consuming
- Subjective
⩥ Conflict. Answer: - A natural part of the group process.
- It occurs whenever there is disagreement between people or groups
regarding the options available to solve a problem, make a decision or
reach a goal.
- The results of a conflict can be creative and constructive.
⩥ Incompatible Goals conflict. Answer: - Incompatible goals describe a
situation when two or more people have different goals, and these goals
cannot coexist in the same environment without interfering with each
other.
,- This can lead to conflict between people because trying to achieve one
of those goals would interfere with achieving the other.
- Eg. Teachers want students to work - and they want to text friends.
⩥ Individual Differences/Personality conflict. Answer: - Individual
differences/personality refers to the fact that each person has distinct
characteristics and personality traits.
- Because of this, individuals' personal thoughts and opinions differ, and
conflicts can arise.
- Eg. Person strongly believes in gay rights - another believes it is
against their religion.
⩥ Limited Resources conflict. Answer: - Having limited resources
means that there are restrictions on what a person can access to help
them deal with their problems.
- Accessing resources allows individuals to satisfy their needs and wants.
When some people have difficulty meeting their needs and wants while
others are able to meet theirs, issues of equality arise, and this can lead
to conflict because some individuals feel unhappy about the way things
have worked out.
- Eg. Person becomes unhappy with a friend who gets a giant 16th
birthday party.
⩥ Ineffective Communication confliction. Answer: - Ineffective
communication refers to having an unproductive or unsuccessful
conversation or attempt to exchange ideas with someone.
,- Mixed messages, lack of interest, passive or aggressive group
members, poor listening skills, lack of enthusiasm and an inability to see
other people's points of view
- Eg. a friend sends another a text - receiver misinterprets message.
⩥ Varying Values conflict. Answer: - Varying values refers to the fact
that different people have different moral principles and beliefs.
- These things can contribute to conflict when people disagree with each
other's attitudes, beliefs, morals or ethical ideals.
- Eg. Friend goes off to a party with another's partner.
⩥ Multiple Role Expectations conflict. Answer: - Multiple role
expectations means having more than one task or function that people
expect you to fulfil.
- Individuals might perceive their role as involving certain things and
then experience confusion when extra expectations are placed on them.
- This can lead to conflict because issues of fairness arise when
expectations are not clearly explained.
- Eg. Teacher leaves multiple tasks for class to complete - instructions
are hard to follow - the group completes work incorrectly; class and
teacher are in conflict.
⩥ Negotiation. Answer: - It is the process of discussion between 2 or
more individuals who seek to find a solution to a common problem.
- It can be cooperative or it can be confrontational.
, - Eg. A child negotiating computer time to spend on social media
accounts.
⩥ Agreement. Answer: - This is the positive outcome of mediation.
- The disputing parties have control over the agreements reached and to
ensure that it meets the needs of all parties involved.
- Eg. Computer access is negotiated, then the agreement might allow the
child to use the computer for specific time frames, as long as others have
needs considered.
⩥ Resolution. Answer: - Refers to the process of resolving a dispute or a
conflict by providing for the needs of the disputing parties, and
adequately addressing their interests so that they are satisfied with the
outcome.
- The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutions
- Eg. If the child adheres to terms of negotiation, the needs of each party
will be met and values upheld.
⩥ Mediator. Answer: - A mediator is an unbiased individual who works
with disputing parties to help them improve their communication and
their analysis of the conflict situation.
⩥ Advocate. Answer: A person who is willing to intercede on behalf of
others, to argue for, defend or campaign for others.
