EMORY WOUND FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔when are compressions contraindicated? - ✔✔venous thrombosis in LE w/ulcers
and uncompensated heart failure
✔✔when is sustained (continuous) compression contraindicated? - ✔✔in the presene of
PVD with an ABI that is < or =0.6 or when ABI is >0.5 but <0.8 is more appropriate
✔✔when is IPC (intermittent pneumatic compression)-dynamic compression indicated?
- ✔✔for patients with venous insufficiency and ABI< or =0.5, for those who cannot
tolerate sustained compression, as an adjunct therapy to sustained therapy, those who
are immobile
✔✔when is modified or lower compressions appropriate (23-30mmHg)? - ✔✔when
coexisting arterial disease is present
✔✔all patients with leg uclers should be screened for arterial disease using what,
initially? - ✔✔doppler which measures ABI; takes BP in the arm and ankle and
compares ratio
✔✔What are the attributes of short-stretch compression? - ✔✔it's inelastic, sustained
compression and provides a modified to therapeutic level of pressure-reusable
✔✔What are the attributes of long-stretch compression? - ✔✔same as short stretch
except it's elastic (ex. Surepress)
✔✔what are the attributes of multi-layer compression? - ✔✔sustained, elastic,
disposable, and provides therapeutic to modified pressure (ex. 3M w/coban)
✔✔what are the attributes of paste compression and problems associated with it? -
✔✔sustained, inelastic, disposable, and provides modified level of pressure;lacks
absorptive property so skin has tendency to macerate, patients are sensitive to
calamine paste, slippage, poor fit, and inablity to bathe.
✔✔When are compression stockings indicated? - ✔✔only when venous insufficiency is
stable and used as maintenace therapy, since compressions are for "life" to prevent
venous ulcers
✔✔what are the goals in treating LEAD? - ✔✔maximizing perfusion, minimizing risk of
infection, using evidence-based wound care, and ongoing assessment and managment
of ischemic pain
✔✔What is the gold standard for revascularization of sapenous veins? - ✔✔bypass graft
,✔✔what are the 6 P's in assessing for acute limb ischemia? - ✔✔pulse, pallor, polar
(cool), pain, paresthesia(burning and tingling sensation), and paralysis
✔✔What is the general appearance of LEAD? - ✔✔thin, shiny epidermis, loss of hair
growth, thickened nails, edema is variable depending on positioning and coexisting
disease; pale or ischemic (purpura and petechiae secondary to blood thinners)
✔✔What vacular symptoms or perfusion status will you see in LEAD during
assessment? - ✔✔diminished ABI and TBI; dimished or absent pulse; delayed capillary
refill time; abnormal turbulence of blood flow (aka bruit), depedent rubor or elevational
pallor, cool skin
✔✔What kinds of pain will the patient with LEAD experience and what is the
interpretation? - ✔✔patient experiences intermittent claudication with moderate-heavy
activity which is relieved by 10 minutes of rest=50% vessel occlusion; experiences
nocturnal pain during sleep which is caused by leg elevation and decreased cardiac
output- this is relieved by placing limb in dependent position; rest pain occurs in the
absence of activity and with legs in dependent position=90% occlusion
✔✔What are modifiable risk factors for LEAD? what are the lab goals for managing
them? - ✔✔tobacco: stop smoking
diabetes: HbA1c <7.0 and if possible for high risk patients, <6.0
dyslipidemia (elevation of cholesterol and triglycerides): HDL >40, LDL<100, TG <150
HTN: <140/90 (for DM, <130/80)
✔✔In presence of arterial occlusion, refill time will be longer than what? in seconds? -
✔✔will take > 2-3 seconds.
✔✔what are the ABI values and its indicator? - ✔✔>1.3=invalid
1.0-1.3=normal range
0.9 or less=LEAD
0.8-0.6=borderline
0.5 or less=severe ischemia and revascularization needed
✔✔When should you obtain TcPO2 (transcutaneous partial pressure of O2)? - ✔✔when
ABI or TBI cannot be performed d/t calcification or amputation of ankles or toes
✔✔What are the values of TcPO2 and its interpretation? - ✔✔40 mmHg or
greater=normal
<40mmHg=hypoxia w/impaired wound healing
, ✔✔When do you use SLP (segmental leg pressure)? - ✔✔used to determine location of
occlusion for surgical intervention. a 30mmHg decrease in pressure between two
adjacent levels indicate occlusion
✔✔when should you not use TBI? - ✔✔when toes are amputated or toes are col that it's
not reliable
✔✔What conditions cause vasoconstrictive properties which worsens LEAD? -
✔✔smoking, pain, dehydration, cold temperature, lack of exercise, constrictive clothing
✔✔when is pulsve volume recordings (PVR) and doppler waveform studies indicated? -
✔✔it is recommended when ABI >1.3; the wave forms reflect severity of occlusion
✔✔what tests give you an anatomic roadmap, prior to revascularization? - ✔✔MRA,
angiography, duplex angiography, or computed tomographic angiography
✔✔when is HBO indicated in arterial ulcers? - ✔✔patients w/significant ischemia who
are not candidates for revascularization and wound healing is impaired
✔✔Describe the characteristics of a neuropathic wound and periwound? - ✔✔wounds
are usually found on the planatar, dorsum of metatarsal, and lateral sides of foot;
wounds are usually red , if no ischemia not present; wound edges are well defined;
exudate is moderate to large; callus periwound
✔✔Describe the grading system and its corresponding symptoms of Wagner Ulcer
Classification system? - ✔✔there are 5 grading categories:
0: intact w/some callus formation, deformities, and redness over pressure point
1: superficial ulcer w/out depth into SQ tissue with or w/out cellulitis
2: full-thickness ulcer exposing tendon and joint w/out abcess or osteomyelitis
3. osteomyelitis, absecess, necrotizing fasciitis
4. gangrene toes, forefoot, and heel
5. amputation, gangrene-unsalvageable
✔✔what is a traditional tx of Charcot foot? - ✔✔cast mobilization
✔✔Why is debridement of callus an important maintenance therapy? - ✔✔better
distributes pressure and reveals possible ulerations and undermining of tissues
✔✔what are the priorities in managment of neuropathic wounds? - ✔✔relieve pressure
by offloading, aggressively treating infection, revascularization, and improve wound
condition
✔✔what are the 3 kinds of neuropathy? - ✔✔motor, sensory, and autonomic
neuropathy
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔when are compressions contraindicated? - ✔✔venous thrombosis in LE w/ulcers
and uncompensated heart failure
✔✔when is sustained (continuous) compression contraindicated? - ✔✔in the presene of
PVD with an ABI that is < or =0.6 or when ABI is >0.5 but <0.8 is more appropriate
✔✔when is IPC (intermittent pneumatic compression)-dynamic compression indicated?
- ✔✔for patients with venous insufficiency and ABI< or =0.5, for those who cannot
tolerate sustained compression, as an adjunct therapy to sustained therapy, those who
are immobile
✔✔when is modified or lower compressions appropriate (23-30mmHg)? - ✔✔when
coexisting arterial disease is present
✔✔all patients with leg uclers should be screened for arterial disease using what,
initially? - ✔✔doppler which measures ABI; takes BP in the arm and ankle and
compares ratio
✔✔What are the attributes of short-stretch compression? - ✔✔it's inelastic, sustained
compression and provides a modified to therapeutic level of pressure-reusable
✔✔What are the attributes of long-stretch compression? - ✔✔same as short stretch
except it's elastic (ex. Surepress)
✔✔what are the attributes of multi-layer compression? - ✔✔sustained, elastic,
disposable, and provides therapeutic to modified pressure (ex. 3M w/coban)
✔✔what are the attributes of paste compression and problems associated with it? -
✔✔sustained, inelastic, disposable, and provides modified level of pressure;lacks
absorptive property so skin has tendency to macerate, patients are sensitive to
calamine paste, slippage, poor fit, and inablity to bathe.
✔✔When are compression stockings indicated? - ✔✔only when venous insufficiency is
stable and used as maintenace therapy, since compressions are for "life" to prevent
venous ulcers
✔✔what are the goals in treating LEAD? - ✔✔maximizing perfusion, minimizing risk of
infection, using evidence-based wound care, and ongoing assessment and managment
of ischemic pain
✔✔What is the gold standard for revascularization of sapenous veins? - ✔✔bypass graft
,✔✔what are the 6 P's in assessing for acute limb ischemia? - ✔✔pulse, pallor, polar
(cool), pain, paresthesia(burning and tingling sensation), and paralysis
✔✔What is the general appearance of LEAD? - ✔✔thin, shiny epidermis, loss of hair
growth, thickened nails, edema is variable depending on positioning and coexisting
disease; pale or ischemic (purpura and petechiae secondary to blood thinners)
✔✔What vacular symptoms or perfusion status will you see in LEAD during
assessment? - ✔✔diminished ABI and TBI; dimished or absent pulse; delayed capillary
refill time; abnormal turbulence of blood flow (aka bruit), depedent rubor or elevational
pallor, cool skin
✔✔What kinds of pain will the patient with LEAD experience and what is the
interpretation? - ✔✔patient experiences intermittent claudication with moderate-heavy
activity which is relieved by 10 minutes of rest=50% vessel occlusion; experiences
nocturnal pain during sleep which is caused by leg elevation and decreased cardiac
output- this is relieved by placing limb in dependent position; rest pain occurs in the
absence of activity and with legs in dependent position=90% occlusion
✔✔What are modifiable risk factors for LEAD? what are the lab goals for managing
them? - ✔✔tobacco: stop smoking
diabetes: HbA1c <7.0 and if possible for high risk patients, <6.0
dyslipidemia (elevation of cholesterol and triglycerides): HDL >40, LDL<100, TG <150
HTN: <140/90 (for DM, <130/80)
✔✔In presence of arterial occlusion, refill time will be longer than what? in seconds? -
✔✔will take > 2-3 seconds.
✔✔what are the ABI values and its indicator? - ✔✔>1.3=invalid
1.0-1.3=normal range
0.9 or less=LEAD
0.8-0.6=borderline
0.5 or less=severe ischemia and revascularization needed
✔✔When should you obtain TcPO2 (transcutaneous partial pressure of O2)? - ✔✔when
ABI or TBI cannot be performed d/t calcification or amputation of ankles or toes
✔✔What are the values of TcPO2 and its interpretation? - ✔✔40 mmHg or
greater=normal
<40mmHg=hypoxia w/impaired wound healing
, ✔✔When do you use SLP (segmental leg pressure)? - ✔✔used to determine location of
occlusion for surgical intervention. a 30mmHg decrease in pressure between two
adjacent levels indicate occlusion
✔✔when should you not use TBI? - ✔✔when toes are amputated or toes are col that it's
not reliable
✔✔What conditions cause vasoconstrictive properties which worsens LEAD? -
✔✔smoking, pain, dehydration, cold temperature, lack of exercise, constrictive clothing
✔✔when is pulsve volume recordings (PVR) and doppler waveform studies indicated? -
✔✔it is recommended when ABI >1.3; the wave forms reflect severity of occlusion
✔✔what tests give you an anatomic roadmap, prior to revascularization? - ✔✔MRA,
angiography, duplex angiography, or computed tomographic angiography
✔✔when is HBO indicated in arterial ulcers? - ✔✔patients w/significant ischemia who
are not candidates for revascularization and wound healing is impaired
✔✔Describe the characteristics of a neuropathic wound and periwound? - ✔✔wounds
are usually found on the planatar, dorsum of metatarsal, and lateral sides of foot;
wounds are usually red , if no ischemia not present; wound edges are well defined;
exudate is moderate to large; callus periwound
✔✔Describe the grading system and its corresponding symptoms of Wagner Ulcer
Classification system? - ✔✔there are 5 grading categories:
0: intact w/some callus formation, deformities, and redness over pressure point
1: superficial ulcer w/out depth into SQ tissue with or w/out cellulitis
2: full-thickness ulcer exposing tendon and joint w/out abcess or osteomyelitis
3. osteomyelitis, absecess, necrotizing fasciitis
4. gangrene toes, forefoot, and heel
5. amputation, gangrene-unsalvageable
✔✔what is a traditional tx of Charcot foot? - ✔✔cast mobilization
✔✔Why is debridement of callus an important maintenance therapy? - ✔✔better
distributes pressure and reveals possible ulerations and undermining of tissues
✔✔what are the priorities in managment of neuropathic wounds? - ✔✔relieve pressure
by offloading, aggressively treating infection, revascularization, and improve wound
condition
✔✔what are the 3 kinds of neuropathy? - ✔✔motor, sensory, and autonomic
neuropathy
