ASP ASSOCIATE STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Frostbite - ✔✔Frozen skin tissue. First symptoms are pins & needles, then
numbness, hard & pale skin; when thawed, red & painful; can cause gangrene.
✔✔LPG hose bursting pressure rating - ✔✔1250 psig (working pressure is 250 = safety
factor of 5).
✔✔Major types of guards - ✔✔Fixed, interlocking, self-adjusting, adjustable, automatic
✔✔Rules on steps & ramps (OSHA) - ✔✔Riser: 6" - 7.5"
Width: 22" min
Tread: 12" plus or minus 2"
Ramps: 30 degrees
✔✔Hazards of welding on stainless steel - ✔✔Fumes of nickel, chromium & fluorides
✔✔Most economical way to prevent internal corrosion in tanks - ✔✔Cathodic protection.
Only maintenance is infrequent replacement of a charged anode.
✔✔Wire rope inspection components - ✔✔Lubrication, kinking, corrosion, loose/broken
wires, wear of crown wires, high strands, nicks; cross-section measurements.
✔✔NFPA 704 - ✔✔Diamond with 4 diamonds inside. For fixed installations.
Top diamond - Red - Flammability Hazard
Left diamond - Blue - Health Hazard
Right diamond - Yellow - Instability hazard
Bottom diamond - white - special hazard.
✔✔Sprays & mists will do what to a liquid or gas - ✔✔Lower the flash point & lower the
LEL.
✔✔NFPA 600 - ✔✔Private Fire Brigades
✔✔NFPA 1500 - ✔✔Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program
✔✔NFPA 101 - ✔✔Life Safety Code
✔✔NFPA 10 - ✔✔Portable Fire Extinguishers
✔✔NFPA 70 & 70E - ✔✔70: National Electrical Code
70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
,✔✔Reverse jet baghouse fabric filtration - ✔✔Air pollution control device from
commercial processes or combustion for electricity generation.
1) Very efficient (99%)
2) Expensive and large
3) Require control of moisture in dust
4) Costly to maintain
✔✔ESP - ✔✔Electrostatic precipitators. Filtration device that removes fine particles
(dust, smoke) from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
Sensitive to electrical resistance & particle size distribution. Messy to clean but effecient
in energy consumption.
✔✔Wet scrubber - ✔✔Polluted gas is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid to
remove pollutants.
Advantages: Can handle high temperatures and moisture, smaller size, can remove
gases & particulates, can neutralize corrosive gases.
Disadvantages: can form highly corrosive solutions, requires a lot of power, expensive,
creates water pollution, difficult product recovery.
✔✔Double-insulated tools - ✔✔Provides additional insulation around the tool. Unit's
switch and gripping surface is non-conductive and requires no further grounding. (Not
protective in water, however.) Symbol is square within a square.
✔✔Chain slings - ✔✔Used in rigging, winches, etc. Standard material is alloy steel
(includes bronze, stainless steel & Monel metals). High resistance to abrasion and
failure.
✔✔Monel metal - ✔✔Mostly nickel, but stronger than nickel. Whitish in color, pliable for
good adjustment, resists corrosion (like seawater).
✔✔Proof coil chain - ✔✔This is chain for gates, barriers, light construction. NEVER to
be used for overhead lifting.
✔✔Class A CDL - ✔✔GVWR >26,000 lb (with trailer >10,000 lb)
✔✔Class B CDL - ✔✔GVWR >26,000 lb (with trailer <10,000)
✔✔Class C CDL - ✔✔GVWR <26,000 lb
✔✔CDL - T endorsement - ✔✔Combination vehicles with double or triple trailers
✔✔CDL - N endorsement - ✔✔Tank vehicle with capacity of 1,000 gal or more.
✔✔CDL - P endorsement - ✔✔16 or more passengers (including driver); Bus is 11+
,✔✔CDL - H endorsement - ✔✔Regular vehicle transporting hazardous materials in
placardable amounts.
✔✔CDL - X endorsement - ✔✔TANK vehicle used to transport hazardous materials
✔✔Training requirements for PITs - ✔✔- accident or near miss
- observed unsafe operation
- poor evaluation of operation
- different type of equipment
- workplace change
- 3 years, regardless of the above
✔✔Class 1 Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: <100
✔✔Class IA Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: <100
Flash: <73
✔✔Class IB Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: ≥100
Flash: <73
✔✔Class IC Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥73, <100
✔✔Class II Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥100, <140
✔✔Class III Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥140
✔✔Class IIIA Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥140, <200
✔✔Class IIIB Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥200
✔✔Arc Eye - ✔✔Ultraviolet (UV) light from welding. Injures the cornea and surface and
mucous membrane of the eye = conjunctivitis. Pain, sand-like feeling, sensitivity to light.
✔✔Parking lot design principles - ✔✔1) Provide a separate entry and exit way.
2) Separate lanes should be located where flow can be controlled by a traffic light or
merge / acceleration lane.
3) Right turns from and into the lot are preferred.
, ✔✔Types of grounding electrode systems - ✔✔Metal underground water pipes, building
steel, concrete-encased electrodes (Ufer grounds) and ground rings.
✔✔Requirements for metal underground water pipes as a ground - ✔✔1) Must be in
contact with earth for 10+ ft.
2) Supplemented by system (usually electrode) to ensure continuous ground.
✔✔Requirements for building steel used as a ground - ✔✔Connected to a ground grid
or the reinforcing steel in the footing.
✔✔Requirements for concrete-encased electrodes (Ufer) as a ground - ✔✔Used in dry
conditions (started in Arizona), installing 20+ ft of rods or wiring in concrete, then
connected to a driven ground.
✔✔Requirements for ground rings as a ground - ✔✔Large diameter (#2+ AWG) steel
that circles a facility at 30" deep, connected to driven electrodes.
✔✔Grounding basics - ✔✔1) Rods must be driven into the earth at least 8 ft
2) Maximum resistance in ground path is 25 ohms.
3) Strive for 5 ohms or less.
✔✔Purpose of a circuit breaker - ✔✔Prevent overheating ("excessive or dangerous
temperature") of conductors or insulation.
✔✔Do circuit breakers offer protection from shock? - ✔✔No - they are too slow. You
can put a 200% load on them for 2 minutes before it will act!
✔✔Calculate the specific gravity of a bowling ball that weighs 20 lb on land and 15 lb in
water. - ✔✔The amount of water the same volume as the bowling ball is 5 lb (the
difference). The specific gravity is the ratio of the bowling ball's land weight (20 lb) to the
weight of the water it displaces (5 lb). 20/5 = SG of 4. It is 4 times denser than water.
✔✔Hazen-Williams Formula - ✔✔Formula for determining friction loss in hydraulic
calculations that involve fire sprinkler systems. Greatest factor is the diameter of the
pipe.
✔✔Name the parts in F = μN. - ✔✔F = Force required
μ = Coefficient of friction
N = Normal weight
✔✔kg to lb, lb to kg - ✔✔1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 lb = 0.45 kg
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Frostbite - ✔✔Frozen skin tissue. First symptoms are pins & needles, then
numbness, hard & pale skin; when thawed, red & painful; can cause gangrene.
✔✔LPG hose bursting pressure rating - ✔✔1250 psig (working pressure is 250 = safety
factor of 5).
✔✔Major types of guards - ✔✔Fixed, interlocking, self-adjusting, adjustable, automatic
✔✔Rules on steps & ramps (OSHA) - ✔✔Riser: 6" - 7.5"
Width: 22" min
Tread: 12" plus or minus 2"
Ramps: 30 degrees
✔✔Hazards of welding on stainless steel - ✔✔Fumes of nickel, chromium & fluorides
✔✔Most economical way to prevent internal corrosion in tanks - ✔✔Cathodic protection.
Only maintenance is infrequent replacement of a charged anode.
✔✔Wire rope inspection components - ✔✔Lubrication, kinking, corrosion, loose/broken
wires, wear of crown wires, high strands, nicks; cross-section measurements.
✔✔NFPA 704 - ✔✔Diamond with 4 diamonds inside. For fixed installations.
Top diamond - Red - Flammability Hazard
Left diamond - Blue - Health Hazard
Right diamond - Yellow - Instability hazard
Bottom diamond - white - special hazard.
✔✔Sprays & mists will do what to a liquid or gas - ✔✔Lower the flash point & lower the
LEL.
✔✔NFPA 600 - ✔✔Private Fire Brigades
✔✔NFPA 1500 - ✔✔Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program
✔✔NFPA 101 - ✔✔Life Safety Code
✔✔NFPA 10 - ✔✔Portable Fire Extinguishers
✔✔NFPA 70 & 70E - ✔✔70: National Electrical Code
70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
,✔✔Reverse jet baghouse fabric filtration - ✔✔Air pollution control device from
commercial processes or combustion for electricity generation.
1) Very efficient (99%)
2) Expensive and large
3) Require control of moisture in dust
4) Costly to maintain
✔✔ESP - ✔✔Electrostatic precipitators. Filtration device that removes fine particles
(dust, smoke) from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
Sensitive to electrical resistance & particle size distribution. Messy to clean but effecient
in energy consumption.
✔✔Wet scrubber - ✔✔Polluted gas is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid to
remove pollutants.
Advantages: Can handle high temperatures and moisture, smaller size, can remove
gases & particulates, can neutralize corrosive gases.
Disadvantages: can form highly corrosive solutions, requires a lot of power, expensive,
creates water pollution, difficult product recovery.
✔✔Double-insulated tools - ✔✔Provides additional insulation around the tool. Unit's
switch and gripping surface is non-conductive and requires no further grounding. (Not
protective in water, however.) Symbol is square within a square.
✔✔Chain slings - ✔✔Used in rigging, winches, etc. Standard material is alloy steel
(includes bronze, stainless steel & Monel metals). High resistance to abrasion and
failure.
✔✔Monel metal - ✔✔Mostly nickel, but stronger than nickel. Whitish in color, pliable for
good adjustment, resists corrosion (like seawater).
✔✔Proof coil chain - ✔✔This is chain for gates, barriers, light construction. NEVER to
be used for overhead lifting.
✔✔Class A CDL - ✔✔GVWR >26,000 lb (with trailer >10,000 lb)
✔✔Class B CDL - ✔✔GVWR >26,000 lb (with trailer <10,000)
✔✔Class C CDL - ✔✔GVWR <26,000 lb
✔✔CDL - T endorsement - ✔✔Combination vehicles with double or triple trailers
✔✔CDL - N endorsement - ✔✔Tank vehicle with capacity of 1,000 gal or more.
✔✔CDL - P endorsement - ✔✔16 or more passengers (including driver); Bus is 11+
,✔✔CDL - H endorsement - ✔✔Regular vehicle transporting hazardous materials in
placardable amounts.
✔✔CDL - X endorsement - ✔✔TANK vehicle used to transport hazardous materials
✔✔Training requirements for PITs - ✔✔- accident or near miss
- observed unsafe operation
- poor evaluation of operation
- different type of equipment
- workplace change
- 3 years, regardless of the above
✔✔Class 1 Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: <100
✔✔Class IA Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: <100
Flash: <73
✔✔Class IB Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: ≥100
Flash: <73
✔✔Class IC Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥73, <100
✔✔Class II Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥100, <140
✔✔Class III Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥140
✔✔Class IIIA Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥140, <200
✔✔Class IIIB Liquid - ✔✔Boiling: n/a
Flash: ≥200
✔✔Arc Eye - ✔✔Ultraviolet (UV) light from welding. Injures the cornea and surface and
mucous membrane of the eye = conjunctivitis. Pain, sand-like feeling, sensitivity to light.
✔✔Parking lot design principles - ✔✔1) Provide a separate entry and exit way.
2) Separate lanes should be located where flow can be controlled by a traffic light or
merge / acceleration lane.
3) Right turns from and into the lot are preferred.
, ✔✔Types of grounding electrode systems - ✔✔Metal underground water pipes, building
steel, concrete-encased electrodes (Ufer grounds) and ground rings.
✔✔Requirements for metal underground water pipes as a ground - ✔✔1) Must be in
contact with earth for 10+ ft.
2) Supplemented by system (usually electrode) to ensure continuous ground.
✔✔Requirements for building steel used as a ground - ✔✔Connected to a ground grid
or the reinforcing steel in the footing.
✔✔Requirements for concrete-encased electrodes (Ufer) as a ground - ✔✔Used in dry
conditions (started in Arizona), installing 20+ ft of rods or wiring in concrete, then
connected to a driven ground.
✔✔Requirements for ground rings as a ground - ✔✔Large diameter (#2+ AWG) steel
that circles a facility at 30" deep, connected to driven electrodes.
✔✔Grounding basics - ✔✔1) Rods must be driven into the earth at least 8 ft
2) Maximum resistance in ground path is 25 ohms.
3) Strive for 5 ohms or less.
✔✔Purpose of a circuit breaker - ✔✔Prevent overheating ("excessive or dangerous
temperature") of conductors or insulation.
✔✔Do circuit breakers offer protection from shock? - ✔✔No - they are too slow. You
can put a 200% load on them for 2 minutes before it will act!
✔✔Calculate the specific gravity of a bowling ball that weighs 20 lb on land and 15 lb in
water. - ✔✔The amount of water the same volume as the bowling ball is 5 lb (the
difference). The specific gravity is the ratio of the bowling ball's land weight (20 lb) to the
weight of the water it displaces (5 lb). 20/5 = SG of 4. It is 4 times denser than water.
✔✔Hazen-Williams Formula - ✔✔Formula for determining friction loss in hydraulic
calculations that involve fire sprinkler systems. Greatest factor is the diameter of the
pipe.
✔✔Name the parts in F = μN. - ✔✔F = Force required
μ = Coefficient of friction
N = Normal weight
✔✔kg to lb, lb to kg - ✔✔1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 lb = 0.45 kg
