1. Anemia: Reduction in the proportion of red blood cells
2. Hemoglobin of a man with anemia: <13.5 g/dL
3. Hemoglobin of a woman with anemia: < 12g/dL
4. What stimulates erythropoiesis: hypoxia
5. Reticulocytes: Baby RBCs, that are the first RBCs to leave the bone marrow and
enter into circulation for about two days before maturing into mature RBCs
6. How are reticulocyte counts useful: These counts increase with blood loss, or
when blood cells are destroyed, such as in hemolytic anemia.
Depends on health of bone marrow, so if there is anemia, and the reticulocyte
count is normal or less than normal that can indicate bone marrow dysfunction or
suppression
7. Functions of RBCs: Carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Transport CO2
Electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, immune cells
8. MCV: cell size
9. MCHC: mean cell hemoglobin concentration
Cell color
10. Microcytic anemia: MCV <80
11. Normocytic anemia: MCV 80-100
12. macrocytic anemia: MCV > 100
13. hypochromic anemia: MCHC <33
14. Hyperchromic: MCHC > 37
15. RDW%: Variation in cell size
16. Anemia is not a disease but a: A presentation of an underlying illness
17. Causes of microcytic anemia: -Iron deficiency anemia
-Copper deficiency
-Thalassemia
-Hemolysis
-Lead poisoning
-Inflammation
,-Sideroblastic anemia
-Anemia of chronic disease
18. Common findings in microcytic anemia: -Circulating RBCs are smaller than
the usual side of RBCs (microcytic)
,-They are often decreased in their red color (hypochromic) because of a defective
heme synthesis
-MCV <80
-MCHC <33
19. Iron: An essential element for a blood production
Recycled in conserved by the body
Necessary to produce him
Diurnal
20. Ferritin: -Storage form of iron (apo-protein)
-About 25% of iron is stored as this
-Acute phase reactant
21. normal iron level: 50-150 mcg/dL
22. Normal TIBC: 250-450 mcg/dL
23. Normal % saturation ferritin: 20-50%
24. Normal ferritin levels: 13-150ng/ml
25. Iron transports via: Transferrin
26. What can falsely elevated ferritin?: Widespread inflammation
27. IDA Causes: Blood loss:
GI ulcerations, malignancies, menorrhagia, milk-anemia [infants]
Malabsorptions:
Gastric resection, Celiac, Inflammatory disorders
28. Symptoms of IDA: Fatigue
Exercising tolerance, SON
Headache
Difficulty concentrating
Pallor
Chest pain (severe anemia, Hgb<7)
29. RARE IDA symptoms: Pica
Glossitis
Cheilosi
, Koionychia
Dysphagia
30. Diagnosing IDA: 1) H&P that includes common cause
2)CBC: H&H, RDW (>15), MCV/MCHC/MCV
2. Hemoglobin of a man with anemia: <13.5 g/dL
3. Hemoglobin of a woman with anemia: < 12g/dL
4. What stimulates erythropoiesis: hypoxia
5. Reticulocytes: Baby RBCs, that are the first RBCs to leave the bone marrow and
enter into circulation for about two days before maturing into mature RBCs
6. How are reticulocyte counts useful: These counts increase with blood loss, or
when blood cells are destroyed, such as in hemolytic anemia.
Depends on health of bone marrow, so if there is anemia, and the reticulocyte
count is normal or less than normal that can indicate bone marrow dysfunction or
suppression
7. Functions of RBCs: Carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Transport CO2
Electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, immune cells
8. MCV: cell size
9. MCHC: mean cell hemoglobin concentration
Cell color
10. Microcytic anemia: MCV <80
11. Normocytic anemia: MCV 80-100
12. macrocytic anemia: MCV > 100
13. hypochromic anemia: MCHC <33
14. Hyperchromic: MCHC > 37
15. RDW%: Variation in cell size
16. Anemia is not a disease but a: A presentation of an underlying illness
17. Causes of microcytic anemia: -Iron deficiency anemia
-Copper deficiency
-Thalassemia
-Hemolysis
-Lead poisoning
-Inflammation
,-Sideroblastic anemia
-Anemia of chronic disease
18. Common findings in microcytic anemia: -Circulating RBCs are smaller than
the usual side of RBCs (microcytic)
,-They are often decreased in their red color (hypochromic) because of a defective
heme synthesis
-MCV <80
-MCHC <33
19. Iron: An essential element for a blood production
Recycled in conserved by the body
Necessary to produce him
Diurnal
20. Ferritin: -Storage form of iron (apo-protein)
-About 25% of iron is stored as this
-Acute phase reactant
21. normal iron level: 50-150 mcg/dL
22. Normal TIBC: 250-450 mcg/dL
23. Normal % saturation ferritin: 20-50%
24. Normal ferritin levels: 13-150ng/ml
25. Iron transports via: Transferrin
26. What can falsely elevated ferritin?: Widespread inflammation
27. IDA Causes: Blood loss:
GI ulcerations, malignancies, menorrhagia, milk-anemia [infants]
Malabsorptions:
Gastric resection, Celiac, Inflammatory disorders
28. Symptoms of IDA: Fatigue
Exercising tolerance, SON
Headache
Difficulty concentrating
Pallor
Chest pain (severe anemia, Hgb<7)
29. RARE IDA symptoms: Pica
Glossitis
Cheilosi
, Koionychia
Dysphagia
30. Diagnosing IDA: 1) H&P that includes common cause
2)CBC: H&H, RDW (>15), MCV/MCHC/MCV
