TTS NUR 445 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | GRADED A + | PASS
GUARANTEED | RECENT EDITION
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe, sudden, unilateral facial pain
along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by -
ANSWER touch, chewing, or speaking. The nurse should question the
prescription for oxycodone/acetaminophen
ALS - Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and a weak cough indicate bulbar muscle
involvement, which increases the risk of - ANSWER aspiration and respiratory
failure—potentially life-threatening complications of ALS.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is characterized by muscle weakness that worsens with -
ANSWER activity and improves with rest, with ptosis (drooping eyelid) being a
common early sign.
A client receiving alteplase (tPA) should not be prescribed anticoagulants like -
ANSWER warfarin simultaneously, as this increases the risk of life-threatening
hemorrhage.
ischemic stroke, indicated - 12-lead ECG, bedside swallow testing, and
monitoring electrolyte levels. Not indicated - - ANSWER maintaining systolic
BP less than 120 mmHg, keeping the client in a supine position, administration of
TPA
, In hemorrhagic stroke, blood pressure control (target SBP <160 mmHg) and
anticoagulation reversal are - ANSWER priorities. Aspirin and alteplase (tPA)
are contraindicated, as they increase the risk of further bleeding.
Signs of a basilar skull fracture include - ANSWER clear nasal drainage
suggestive of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Assessing cranial nerve function is
also indicated
A client is admitted with symptoms of an acute stroke. Upon assessment, the nurse
notes that the client spontaneously opens their eyes, is confused when answering
questions, and is unable to move their right arm but withdraws their left arm from
pain. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), how should the nurse document this
client's assessment? - ANSWER 13
The nurse is assessing a client who sustained a severe head injury in a motor
vehicle collision. The client opens their eyes only to painful stimuli, produces
incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws from painful stimuli. Using the Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS), how should the nurse document this client's assessment? -
ANSWER 8
The nurse assesses a client with a brain tumor. The client opens his eyes when the
nurse calls his name, uses inappropriate words in response to questions, and
follows simple commands. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), how should the
nurse document this client's assessment? - ANSWER 12
Remember that with all types of shock, except neuro, we have - ANSWER an
elevated HR and low BP.
, If a person has an issue with the actual muscles of their heart like you would get
with an MI, you know that they may develop cardiogenic shock. If a person c/o CP
and dyspnea, that lets you know - ANSWER that the heart is experiencing
ischemia, its another way of saying that they are having angina, which is a classic
sign of MI.
Cardiogenic shock results from inadequate cardiac output leading to poor tissue
perfusion. Interventions for a person experiencing this are to - ANSWER give
dobutamine, monitor I/O, and prepare for IABP. Increased urine output and
improved mentation indicate better organ perfusion, suggesting effective treatment.
Cardiogenic shock leads to decreased tissue perfusion and anaerobic metabolism,
resulting in elevated lactate levels. A lactate level above - ANSWER 2.0 mmol/L
suggests impaired oxygen delivery, and values above 4.0 mmol/L indicate severe
lactic acidosis and organ dysfunction
SvO₂. A value of 50% is below the normal range (60-80%) and is consistent with -
ANSWER cardiogenic shock. Higher values (68-88%) indicate normal
oxygenation or impaired oxygen extraction, which is not typical in cardiogenic
shock.
If you admit a patient with low blood pressure, tachycardia, reduced urine output,
and elevated lactate indicate worsening hypovolemic shock with poor tissue
perfusion, placing the client at risk for - ANSWER multiple organ failure. So
their diagnosis would be Hypovolemic shock with impending organ failure.
If you admit a patient who's ABG results show severe respiratory acidosis (pH
7.25, pCO₂ 60), and vital signs indicate respiratory failure and shock /tachycardia,
, hypotension, tachypnea). Priority interventions include -
ANSWER endotracheal intubation for airway support, a 1-liter isotonic fluid
bolus to improve perfusion, and large-bore IV insertion for rapid fluid
administration.
In hypovolemic shock, tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism, and
urine output is a - ANSWER key indicator of organ perfusion. An improvement
in these parameters suggests effective fluid resuscitation.
Septic shock requires rapid IV fluid resuscitation, immediate administration of
broad-spectrum antibiotics, and - ANSWER obtaining blood cultures before
antibiotic therapy
Anaphylactic shock is caused by an excessive immune response to an allergen,
leading to massive histamine release. This results in - ANSWER vasodilation
/hypotension), capillary leakage /edema), and bronchoconstriction /respiratory
distress).
Neurogenic shock results from loss of sympathetic tone due to spinal cord injury,
leading to - ANSWER vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, and warm,
flushed skin. Unlike other types of shock -, hypovolemic or septic), neurogenic
shock does not cause tachycardia or cool, clammy skin.
The petechial rash is a key indicator of the bleeding aspect of - ANSWER DIC.
prolonged capillary refill and cyanosis of the fingertips are most likely due to clots
obstructing the small blood vessels.
2026 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | GRADED A + | PASS
GUARANTEED | RECENT EDITION
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe, sudden, unilateral facial pain
along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by -
ANSWER touch, chewing, or speaking. The nurse should question the
prescription for oxycodone/acetaminophen
ALS - Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and a weak cough indicate bulbar muscle
involvement, which increases the risk of - ANSWER aspiration and respiratory
failure—potentially life-threatening complications of ALS.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is characterized by muscle weakness that worsens with -
ANSWER activity and improves with rest, with ptosis (drooping eyelid) being a
common early sign.
A client receiving alteplase (tPA) should not be prescribed anticoagulants like -
ANSWER warfarin simultaneously, as this increases the risk of life-threatening
hemorrhage.
ischemic stroke, indicated - 12-lead ECG, bedside swallow testing, and
monitoring electrolyte levels. Not indicated - - ANSWER maintaining systolic
BP less than 120 mmHg, keeping the client in a supine position, administration of
TPA
, In hemorrhagic stroke, blood pressure control (target SBP <160 mmHg) and
anticoagulation reversal are - ANSWER priorities. Aspirin and alteplase (tPA)
are contraindicated, as they increase the risk of further bleeding.
Signs of a basilar skull fracture include - ANSWER clear nasal drainage
suggestive of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Assessing cranial nerve function is
also indicated
A client is admitted with symptoms of an acute stroke. Upon assessment, the nurse
notes that the client spontaneously opens their eyes, is confused when answering
questions, and is unable to move their right arm but withdraws their left arm from
pain. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), how should the nurse document this
client's assessment? - ANSWER 13
The nurse is assessing a client who sustained a severe head injury in a motor
vehicle collision. The client opens their eyes only to painful stimuli, produces
incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws from painful stimuli. Using the Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS), how should the nurse document this client's assessment? -
ANSWER 8
The nurse assesses a client with a brain tumor. The client opens his eyes when the
nurse calls his name, uses inappropriate words in response to questions, and
follows simple commands. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), how should the
nurse document this client's assessment? - ANSWER 12
Remember that with all types of shock, except neuro, we have - ANSWER an
elevated HR and low BP.
, If a person has an issue with the actual muscles of their heart like you would get
with an MI, you know that they may develop cardiogenic shock. If a person c/o CP
and dyspnea, that lets you know - ANSWER that the heart is experiencing
ischemia, its another way of saying that they are having angina, which is a classic
sign of MI.
Cardiogenic shock results from inadequate cardiac output leading to poor tissue
perfusion. Interventions for a person experiencing this are to - ANSWER give
dobutamine, monitor I/O, and prepare for IABP. Increased urine output and
improved mentation indicate better organ perfusion, suggesting effective treatment.
Cardiogenic shock leads to decreased tissue perfusion and anaerobic metabolism,
resulting in elevated lactate levels. A lactate level above - ANSWER 2.0 mmol/L
suggests impaired oxygen delivery, and values above 4.0 mmol/L indicate severe
lactic acidosis and organ dysfunction
SvO₂. A value of 50% is below the normal range (60-80%) and is consistent with -
ANSWER cardiogenic shock. Higher values (68-88%) indicate normal
oxygenation or impaired oxygen extraction, which is not typical in cardiogenic
shock.
If you admit a patient with low blood pressure, tachycardia, reduced urine output,
and elevated lactate indicate worsening hypovolemic shock with poor tissue
perfusion, placing the client at risk for - ANSWER multiple organ failure. So
their diagnosis would be Hypovolemic shock with impending organ failure.
If you admit a patient who's ABG results show severe respiratory acidosis (pH
7.25, pCO₂ 60), and vital signs indicate respiratory failure and shock /tachycardia,
, hypotension, tachypnea). Priority interventions include -
ANSWER endotracheal intubation for airway support, a 1-liter isotonic fluid
bolus to improve perfusion, and large-bore IV insertion for rapid fluid
administration.
In hypovolemic shock, tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism, and
urine output is a - ANSWER key indicator of organ perfusion. An improvement
in these parameters suggests effective fluid resuscitation.
Septic shock requires rapid IV fluid resuscitation, immediate administration of
broad-spectrum antibiotics, and - ANSWER obtaining blood cultures before
antibiotic therapy
Anaphylactic shock is caused by an excessive immune response to an allergen,
leading to massive histamine release. This results in - ANSWER vasodilation
/hypotension), capillary leakage /edema), and bronchoconstriction /respiratory
distress).
Neurogenic shock results from loss of sympathetic tone due to spinal cord injury,
leading to - ANSWER vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, and warm,
flushed skin. Unlike other types of shock -, hypovolemic or septic), neurogenic
shock does not cause tachycardia or cool, clammy skin.
The petechial rash is a key indicator of the bleeding aspect of - ANSWER DIC.
prolonged capillary refill and cyanosis of the fingertips are most likely due to clots
obstructing the small blood vessels.
