NSG5003 ALREADY CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as
caspase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in
designing drug therapy for which human diseases?.
Answer: Autoimmune and malignant disorders
◍ Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?.
Answer: The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
◍ The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells
to.
Answer: swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
◍ Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which
diseases.
Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart
disease
◍ Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?LysosomesPeroxisomesRibosomesOxyhydrosomes.
Answer: peroxomes
◍ Free Radicals cause cell damage by:.
Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds
of the cell membrane
◍ What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
, synthesis.Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production.Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP
production.Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the
infrastructure..
Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production.
◍ What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?.
Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
◍ Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of
apoptosis?Question 3 options:Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of
scattered single cells.Apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the
nucleus and the cytoplasm.Apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell
death.Apoptosis results in benign malignancies..
Answer: Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells.
◍ What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical
injury?.
Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting
DNA synthesis.
◍ During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:Question 4 options:During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium
and water move into the cell because:The pump that transports sodium out
of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) levels.The osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional
sodium across the cell membraneOxygen is not available to bind with
sodium to maintain it outside of the cell..
Answer: The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function
because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.
◍ Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?.
Answer: Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
◍ What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?Question 5
, options:Respiratory distressSun intoleranceDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
aberrationsDeath.
Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aberrations
◍ Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:Question 6
options: chapter 3 q.2?Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling.The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean
adults.The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean
adults.The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively..
Answer: Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
◍ In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water
between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?Question 7
options:a)Oncotic pressureb)Bufferingc)Net filtrationd)Hydrostatic
pressure.
Answer: d)Hydrostatic pressure
◍ During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure
occurs within the cell because.
Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell
◍ Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which
pressure?Question 8 options:a)Capillary hydrostaticb)Interstitial
hydrostaticc)Capillary oncoticd)Interstitial oncotic.
Answer: a)Capillary hydrostatic
◍ At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space
into the interstitial space because:Question 9 options:a)The interstitial
hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.b)The
capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic
pressure.c)The interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial
hydrostatic pressure.d)The capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the
interstitial hydrostatic pressure..
Answer: b)The capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary
oncotic pressure.
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as
caspase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in
designing drug therapy for which human diseases?.
Answer: Autoimmune and malignant disorders
◍ Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?.
Answer: The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
◍ The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells
to.
Answer: swell because of the influx of sodium chloride
◍ Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which
diseases.
Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart
disease
◍ Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?LysosomesPeroxisomesRibosomesOxyhydrosomes.
Answer: peroxomes
◍ Free Radicals cause cell damage by:.
Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds
of the cell membrane
◍ What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
, synthesis.Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production.Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP
production.Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the
infrastructure..
Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production.
◍ What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?.
Answer: Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
◍ Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of
apoptosis?Question 3 options:Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of
scattered single cells.Apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the
nucleus and the cytoplasm.Apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell
death.Apoptosis results in benign malignancies..
Answer: Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells.
◍ What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical
injury?.
Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting
DNA synthesis.
◍ During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:Question 4 options:During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium
and water move into the cell because:The pump that transports sodium out
of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) levels.The osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional
sodium across the cell membraneOxygen is not available to bind with
sodium to maintain it outside of the cell..
Answer: The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function
because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.
◍ Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?.
Answer: Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
◍ What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?Question 5
, options:Respiratory distressSun intoleranceDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
aberrationsDeath.
Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aberrations
◍ Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:Question 6
options: chapter 3 q.2?Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling.The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean
adults.The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean
adults.The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively..
Answer: Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
◍ In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water
between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?Question 7
options:a)Oncotic pressureb)Bufferingc)Net filtrationd)Hydrostatic
pressure.
Answer: d)Hydrostatic pressure
◍ During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure
occurs within the cell because.
Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell
◍ Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which
pressure?Question 8 options:a)Capillary hydrostaticb)Interstitial
hydrostaticc)Capillary oncoticd)Interstitial oncotic.
Answer: a)Capillary hydrostatic
◍ At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space
into the interstitial space because:Question 9 options:a)The interstitial
hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.b)The
capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic
pressure.c)The interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial
hydrostatic pressure.d)The capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the
interstitial hydrostatic pressure..
Answer: b)The capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary
oncotic pressure.
