NBME 31 Final Exam with All Correct
Answers.
how many calories in one pound of fat? - Answer 3500 calories
descending aortic branch dissection will compromise what organs? - Answer celiac trunk will
be first affected so everything the celiac trunk supplies will likely lose perfusion- celiac trunk
supplies the liver, spleen, pancreas, proximal duodenum, and inferior esophagus.
If pt is old and states they are starting to get freaky or dating again ask about what? - Answer
condom use
HIV drugs that prevent entry INTO the cell - Answer Maraviroc- binds to CCR5 preventing
docking via gp120
Enfuvirtide (DONT CONFUSE WITH THE NNRTI EFAVIRENZ)- binds gp41 preventing entery
Protease inhibitors - Answer "navirs" prevent maturation of new viruses by blocking pol
gene/ HIV 1 protease
SE: hyperglycemia
Dont give with rifampin- decreases protease concentration, use ritonavir instead
NNRTIs - Answer Efavirenz- vivid dream SE
Nevirapine
bind at diff site than NRTIs and do NOT require phosphorylation to be active
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) - Answer Abacavir- dont give to HLAB5701
mutation due to hypersensitivity reaction
Emtricitibine
Lamovudine
STRAVUDINE
Tenofovir (only nucleoTide- rest are nucleosides)
Zidovudine- give to preggos to decrease transmission
ALLLL need to be phosphorylated to be active
reverse myelosuppresion with G-CSF and EPO
Which HIV drugs dont work against HIV2? - Answer NNRTIs and enfuviritide (bc gp41 IS HIV1
SPECIFIC)
, Cidofovir - Answer nucleotide anologue inhibits viral DNA polymerase to treat HIV infections
and CMV
How does obstructive neuropathy affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3? - Answer obstructive uropathy
means you cant excrete H+ or urea(weak acid) and therefore are holding in all those protons
and become more acidic- causing metabolic acidosis
pH- stays near normal (7.32) due to respiratory compensation therefore pCO2 is slightly
decreased (30) from hyperventilation and HCO3 is decreased since the kidney cannot reabsorb
it
How does contrast cause anaphylaxis? - Answer direct activation of mast cells causing
degranulation of vasoactive substances like histamine- uticaria, hypotension angioedema and
tachycardia can all be seen
What is the main purpose of drug eluding stents? to prevent what? - Answer reduce risk of
neointima formation by inhibiting smooth muscle growth over the stent- microtubule inhibitor
paclitaxel is commonly used to prevent this phenomenon
Dextromethorphan and ketamine MOA - Answer NMDA antagonists of glutamate receptors
in the CNS- both can cause dissociative feelings in pts
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Answer from allergies- hundreds of things can cause this such
as moldy hay, occupational exposures, etc....
Common cause of tinea cruris? Itchy rash on groin, trunk, nails and feet - Answer Seen with
KOH stain showing branching septate hyphae- Trichophyton rubrum
treat with azoles that inhibit the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol in cell wall by 14-alpha
demethylase
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - Answer is an antibody-mediated (type II)
hypersensitivity reaction caused by preexisting anti-ABO antibodies that bind antigens on the
new RBCs. Subsequent complement activation results in erythrocyte lysis, vasodilation, and
symptoms of shock. Findings include fever, hypotension, chest and back pain, and
hemoglobinuria.
Malignant neoplasm in the larynx is most likely to metastasize to which lymph nodes? - Answer
Cervical
Answers.
how many calories in one pound of fat? - Answer 3500 calories
descending aortic branch dissection will compromise what organs? - Answer celiac trunk will
be first affected so everything the celiac trunk supplies will likely lose perfusion- celiac trunk
supplies the liver, spleen, pancreas, proximal duodenum, and inferior esophagus.
If pt is old and states they are starting to get freaky or dating again ask about what? - Answer
condom use
HIV drugs that prevent entry INTO the cell - Answer Maraviroc- binds to CCR5 preventing
docking via gp120
Enfuvirtide (DONT CONFUSE WITH THE NNRTI EFAVIRENZ)- binds gp41 preventing entery
Protease inhibitors - Answer "navirs" prevent maturation of new viruses by blocking pol
gene/ HIV 1 protease
SE: hyperglycemia
Dont give with rifampin- decreases protease concentration, use ritonavir instead
NNRTIs - Answer Efavirenz- vivid dream SE
Nevirapine
bind at diff site than NRTIs and do NOT require phosphorylation to be active
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) - Answer Abacavir- dont give to HLAB5701
mutation due to hypersensitivity reaction
Emtricitibine
Lamovudine
STRAVUDINE
Tenofovir (only nucleoTide- rest are nucleosides)
Zidovudine- give to preggos to decrease transmission
ALLLL need to be phosphorylated to be active
reverse myelosuppresion with G-CSF and EPO
Which HIV drugs dont work against HIV2? - Answer NNRTIs and enfuviritide (bc gp41 IS HIV1
SPECIFIC)
, Cidofovir - Answer nucleotide anologue inhibits viral DNA polymerase to treat HIV infections
and CMV
How does obstructive neuropathy affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3? - Answer obstructive uropathy
means you cant excrete H+ or urea(weak acid) and therefore are holding in all those protons
and become more acidic- causing metabolic acidosis
pH- stays near normal (7.32) due to respiratory compensation therefore pCO2 is slightly
decreased (30) from hyperventilation and HCO3 is decreased since the kidney cannot reabsorb
it
How does contrast cause anaphylaxis? - Answer direct activation of mast cells causing
degranulation of vasoactive substances like histamine- uticaria, hypotension angioedema and
tachycardia can all be seen
What is the main purpose of drug eluding stents? to prevent what? - Answer reduce risk of
neointima formation by inhibiting smooth muscle growth over the stent- microtubule inhibitor
paclitaxel is commonly used to prevent this phenomenon
Dextromethorphan and ketamine MOA - Answer NMDA antagonists of glutamate receptors
in the CNS- both can cause dissociative feelings in pts
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Answer from allergies- hundreds of things can cause this such
as moldy hay, occupational exposures, etc....
Common cause of tinea cruris? Itchy rash on groin, trunk, nails and feet - Answer Seen with
KOH stain showing branching septate hyphae- Trichophyton rubrum
treat with azoles that inhibit the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol in cell wall by 14-alpha
demethylase
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction - Answer is an antibody-mediated (type II)
hypersensitivity reaction caused by preexisting anti-ABO antibodies that bind antigens on the
new RBCs. Subsequent complement activation results in erythrocyte lysis, vasodilation, and
symptoms of shock. Findings include fever, hypotension, chest and back pain, and
hemoglobinuria.
Malignant neoplasm in the larynx is most likely to metastasize to which lymph nodes? - Answer
Cervical
