NUR 125: Fundamentals of Professional Nursing
Exam 1
JOYCE University
Verified Questions & Answers, with rationales
2026/2027 Latest Update | Newly Released
Q1: Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and established the first nursing
philosophy based on environmental factors?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale [CORRECT]
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. Her Environmental
Theory emphasized the importance of a clean, well-ventilated environment to promote healing.
Q2: According to Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, nursing is required when:
A. The patient has a terminal illness.
B. The patient is unable to perform self-care activities to maintain life and health. [CORRECT]
C. The patient refuses to take medications.
D. The patient requires emotional support only.
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Orem's theory states that nursing is necessary when the patient has a self-care deficit,
meaning they cannot meet their own self-care needs without assistance.
Q3: Which theorist defined nursing as "assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance
of those activities contributing to health or its recovery"?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Virginia Henderson [CORRECT]
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Sister Callista Roy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson defined nursing in terms of assisting the patient with 14
fundamental needs to achieve independence and recovery.
Q4: Hildegard Peplau’s theory is known as:
A. The Theory of Human Caring.
B. The Interpersonal Relations Theory. [CORRECT]
C. The Adaptation Model.
D. The Self-Care Deficit Theory.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Interpersonal Relations Theory, focusing on the
therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient and the phases of that relationship.
Q5: In Benner’s "From Novice to Expert" model, a nurse who relies on rules and guidelines and
lacks experience is classified as:
A. Expert
B. Proficient
C. Novice [CORRECT]
,D. Advanced Beginner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Novice nurse has no experience with the situations in which they are expected to
perform and relies on rules and context-free guidelines to function.
Q6: The primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is to:
A. Define the educational requirements for nursing school faculty.
B. Protect the public by defining the scope of nursing practice. [CORRECT]
C. Establish salary scales for registered nurses.
D. Determine the nurse-to-patient ratio in hospitals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is a law enacted by each state legislature to protect the public
by ensuring that nurses who practice are qualified and competent.
Q7: When delegating a task to an Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP), the nurse is responsible
for which of the "Five Rights of Delegation"?
A. The UAP is responsible for determining the right task.
B. The nurse is responsible for the right supervision/evaluation. [CORRECT]
C. The UAP is responsible for the right circumstances.
D. The nurse is responsible for performing the task if the UAP is busy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While the UAP accepts the task, the RN retains the responsibility and accountability
for the overall delegation, including supervision and evaluation of the outcome.
, Q8: Which of the following is an example of "Autonomy" in nursing practice?
A. The nurse following a physician's order without question.
B. The nurse making independent clinical decisions within their scope of practice. [CORRECT]
C. The nurse covering up a medication error to avoid conflict.
D. The nurse allowing the family to dictate all care decisions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the nurse's ability to make independent clinical judgments and
decisions within the legal scope of nursing practice.
Q9: According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which level must be met first before addressing
higher-level needs such as self-esteem?
A. Love and belonging
B. Safety and security [CORRECT]
C. Physiological needs
D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy states that physiological needs (food, water, air) are the most
basic and must be met first, followed by safety and security, then love/belonging, then esteem.
Q10: A nurse is performing a health assessment on a new admission. This action falls under
which standard of professional performance?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Evaluation
Exam 1
JOYCE University
Verified Questions & Answers, with rationales
2026/2027 Latest Update | Newly Released
Q1: Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and established the first nursing
philosophy based on environmental factors?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale [CORRECT]
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. Her Environmental
Theory emphasized the importance of a clean, well-ventilated environment to promote healing.
Q2: According to Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, nursing is required when:
A. The patient has a terminal illness.
B. The patient is unable to perform self-care activities to maintain life and health. [CORRECT]
C. The patient refuses to take medications.
D. The patient requires emotional support only.
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Orem's theory states that nursing is necessary when the patient has a self-care deficit,
meaning they cannot meet their own self-care needs without assistance.
Q3: Which theorist defined nursing as "assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance
of those activities contributing to health or its recovery"?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Virginia Henderson [CORRECT]
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Sister Callista Roy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson defined nursing in terms of assisting the patient with 14
fundamental needs to achieve independence and recovery.
Q4: Hildegard Peplau’s theory is known as:
A. The Theory of Human Caring.
B. The Interpersonal Relations Theory. [CORRECT]
C. The Adaptation Model.
D. The Self-Care Deficit Theory.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Interpersonal Relations Theory, focusing on the
therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient and the phases of that relationship.
Q5: In Benner’s "From Novice to Expert" model, a nurse who relies on rules and guidelines and
lacks experience is classified as:
A. Expert
B. Proficient
C. Novice [CORRECT]
,D. Advanced Beginner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Novice nurse has no experience with the situations in which they are expected to
perform and relies on rules and context-free guidelines to function.
Q6: The primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is to:
A. Define the educational requirements for nursing school faculty.
B. Protect the public by defining the scope of nursing practice. [CORRECT]
C. Establish salary scales for registered nurses.
D. Determine the nurse-to-patient ratio in hospitals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is a law enacted by each state legislature to protect the public
by ensuring that nurses who practice are qualified and competent.
Q7: When delegating a task to an Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP), the nurse is responsible
for which of the "Five Rights of Delegation"?
A. The UAP is responsible for determining the right task.
B. The nurse is responsible for the right supervision/evaluation. [CORRECT]
C. The UAP is responsible for the right circumstances.
D. The nurse is responsible for performing the task if the UAP is busy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While the UAP accepts the task, the RN retains the responsibility and accountability
for the overall delegation, including supervision and evaluation of the outcome.
, Q8: Which of the following is an example of "Autonomy" in nursing practice?
A. The nurse following a physician's order without question.
B. The nurse making independent clinical decisions within their scope of practice. [CORRECT]
C. The nurse covering up a medication error to avoid conflict.
D. The nurse allowing the family to dictate all care decisions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the nurse's ability to make independent clinical judgments and
decisions within the legal scope of nursing practice.
Q9: According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which level must be met first before addressing
higher-level needs such as self-esteem?
A. Love and belonging
B. Safety and security [CORRECT]
C. Physiological needs
D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy states that physiological needs (food, water, air) are the most
basic and must be met first, followed by safety and security, then love/belonging, then esteem.
Q10: A nurse is performing a health assessment on a new admission. This action falls under
which standard of professional performance?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Evaluation
