NUR 265 Advanced Medical-Surgical Nursing Week 2 Quiz 2026
|Galen College
1. A patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) is
expected to have which lab finding?
A. Serum sodium of 128 mEq/L
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.002
C. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg
D. Hematocrit of 55%
Answer: A
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia; therefore, a low serum sodium is expected.
2. Which medication is the treatment of choice for central Diabetes Insipidus
(DI)?
A. Furosemide
B. Desmopressin (DDAVP)
C. Regular Insulin
D. Spironolactone
Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of ADH and is the primary treatment to
replace the missing hormone in central DI.
,3. A patient presents with Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, and a blood
glucose of 550 mg/dL. What is the priority intervention?
A. Starting a 0.9% Normal Saline infusion
B. Administering subcutaneous Glucagon
C. Administering oral glucose tablets
D. Initiating a Potassium-restricted diet
Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid resuscitation with Normal Saline is the priority in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
(DKA) to address severe dehydration and hypovolemia.
4. In Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS), why are ketones typically absent
in the urine?
A. Blood glucose levels are not high enough to trigger ketosis.
B. The kidneys are unable to excrete ketones due to failure.
C. The patient is producing enough insulin to prevent fat breakdown.
D. Metabolic alkalosis neutralizes the acidic ketones.
Answer: C
Rationale: In HHS, there is enough endogenous insulin present to prevent the breakdown
of fats into ketones, unlike in DKA.
5. Which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by a daily urine
output of less than 400 mL?
A. Oliguric phase
B. Onset phase
C. Diuretic phase
D. Recovery phase
Answer: A
Rationale: The oliguric phase of AKI is defined by a significant decrease in urine output,
usually less than 400 mL per day.
, 6. A prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) would most likely include which
of the following?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Kidney stones
C. Nephrotoxic drugs
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, such as
hypovolemia, leading to decreased renal blood flow.
7. During the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must closely monitor the patient
for which complication?
A. Hypervolemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Metabolic Acidosis
Answer: B
Rationale: As urine output increases significantly during the diuretic phase, patients can
lose large amounts of electrolytes, including potassium.
8. Which dietary restriction is most critical for a patient with Stage 4 Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. High Fiber
B. Increased Fluids
C. Low Carbohydrate
D. Low Protein
Answer: D
Rationale: Low protein intake is recommended in CKD to reduce the accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products that the kidneys can no longer filter.
|Galen College
1. A patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) is
expected to have which lab finding?
A. Serum sodium of 128 mEq/L
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.002
C. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg
D. Hematocrit of 55%
Answer: A
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia; therefore, a low serum sodium is expected.
2. Which medication is the treatment of choice for central Diabetes Insipidus
(DI)?
A. Furosemide
B. Desmopressin (DDAVP)
C. Regular Insulin
D. Spironolactone
Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of ADH and is the primary treatment to
replace the missing hormone in central DI.
,3. A patient presents with Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, and a blood
glucose of 550 mg/dL. What is the priority intervention?
A. Starting a 0.9% Normal Saline infusion
B. Administering subcutaneous Glucagon
C. Administering oral glucose tablets
D. Initiating a Potassium-restricted diet
Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid resuscitation with Normal Saline is the priority in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
(DKA) to address severe dehydration and hypovolemia.
4. In Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS), why are ketones typically absent
in the urine?
A. Blood glucose levels are not high enough to trigger ketosis.
B. The kidneys are unable to excrete ketones due to failure.
C. The patient is producing enough insulin to prevent fat breakdown.
D. Metabolic alkalosis neutralizes the acidic ketones.
Answer: C
Rationale: In HHS, there is enough endogenous insulin present to prevent the breakdown
of fats into ketones, unlike in DKA.
5. Which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by a daily urine
output of less than 400 mL?
A. Oliguric phase
B. Onset phase
C. Diuretic phase
D. Recovery phase
Answer: A
Rationale: The oliguric phase of AKI is defined by a significant decrease in urine output,
usually less than 400 mL per day.
, 6. A prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) would most likely include which
of the following?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Kidney stones
C. Nephrotoxic drugs
D. Acute glomerulonephritis
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, such as
hypovolemia, leading to decreased renal blood flow.
7. During the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must closely monitor the patient
for which complication?
A. Hypervolemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Metabolic Acidosis
Answer: B
Rationale: As urine output increases significantly during the diuretic phase, patients can
lose large amounts of electrolytes, including potassium.
8. Which dietary restriction is most critical for a patient with Stage 4 Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. High Fiber
B. Increased Fluids
C. Low Carbohydrate
D. Low Protein
Answer: D
Rationale: Low protein intake is recommended in CKD to reduce the accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products that the kidneys can no longer filter.
