NR667 CHAMBERLAIN CEA WEEK 8 EXIT
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood Flow Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava ®
Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage · Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms
(peripheral edema)
HNC8 HTN Guidelines Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop
their BP too low)
What hypertension medication should someone with ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
DM and/or CKD be on?
What HTN medication should an African American pt CCB
be on?
What HTN medications should be used in patients with Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
heart failure?
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors cough, angioedema
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE ARB
inhibitor caused angioedema?
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER CCB
be on? (These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
,2 types of CCBs Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for? BP control
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for? arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have
a rebound tachycardia
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
electrolytes?
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
which electrolytes?
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
K+ or Ca such as ..
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
work on K+ or Na such as ..
What class of medications could be used for atrial and Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
ventricular conditions?
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with < 40%
reduced EF?
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with 40 or greater
preserved EF?
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB
medications?
What type of diuretics are more potent? Loop diuretics
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio- ACEs and ARBs
protective"?
Functional classes of HF (NYHA):
I: No sx
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
What is the ASCVD risk score? measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event
What are the high-intensity statins? Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
, What happens during S1 heart sounds? mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or Aortic stenosis
near-syncope?
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high- Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
pitches sound that can be heard in the neck or on the
right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space?
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
be heard on the lower left side of the chest?
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA? infra-renal and ascending aorta
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away? Stanford A (ascending)
Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or Stanford B (descending)
with a possible graft (but does not often need
surgery)?
What is a medical intervention that should be done for Keep BP low
a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm?
What class medication should NEVER be given to a flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
patient with an aneurysm or any sort of connective
tissue disorder?
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body ADEK
for a long time)
What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are 70%
provoked?
How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT at least 3 months
be treated with an anticoagulant?
How long should a patient with a non-provoked PE or at least 3 months, but could be lifelong if any recurrence
DVT be treated with an anticoagulant?
What is the Virchow's triad? 3 broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis
What are things that could contribute to a provoked PE Anesthesia, immobility, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, DVT, cancer,
or DVT? hormone replacement
What are the 3 things that make up the Virchow's triad? Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
What testing should be done first to look for peripheral ankle-brachial index (BP will be lower on the ankles vs arms)
artery disease?
What test will confirm a diagnosis of PAD? angiography
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood Flow Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava ®
Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage · Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms
(peripheral edema)
HNC8 HTN Guidelines Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop
their BP too low)
What hypertension medication should someone with ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
DM and/or CKD be on?
What HTN medication should an African American pt CCB
be on?
What HTN medications should be used in patients with Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
heart failure?
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors cough, angioedema
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE ARB
inhibitor caused angioedema?
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER CCB
be on? (These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
,2 types of CCBs Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for? BP control
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for? arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have
a rebound tachycardia
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
electrolytes?
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
which electrolytes?
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
K+ or Ca such as ..
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
work on K+ or Na such as ..
What class of medications could be used for atrial and Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
ventricular conditions?
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with < 40%
reduced EF?
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with 40 or greater
preserved EF?
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB
medications?
What type of diuretics are more potent? Loop diuretics
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio- ACEs and ARBs
protective"?
Functional classes of HF (NYHA):
I: No sx
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
What is the ASCVD risk score? measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event
What are the high-intensity statins? Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
, What happens during S1 heart sounds? mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or Aortic stenosis
near-syncope?
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high- Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
pitches sound that can be heard in the neck or on the
right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space?
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
be heard on the lower left side of the chest?
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA? infra-renal and ascending aorta
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away? Stanford A (ascending)
Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or Stanford B (descending)
with a possible graft (but does not often need
surgery)?
What is a medical intervention that should be done for Keep BP low
a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm?
What class medication should NEVER be given to a flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
patient with an aneurysm or any sort of connective
tissue disorder?
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body ADEK
for a long time)
What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are 70%
provoked?
How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT at least 3 months
be treated with an anticoagulant?
How long should a patient with a non-provoked PE or at least 3 months, but could be lifelong if any recurrence
DVT be treated with an anticoagulant?
What is the Virchow's triad? 3 broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis
What are things that could contribute to a provoked PE Anesthesia, immobility, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, DVT, cancer,
or DVT? hormone replacement
What are the 3 things that make up the Virchow's triad? Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
What testing should be done first to look for peripheral ankle-brachial index (BP will be lower on the ankles vs arms)
artery disease?
What test will confirm a diagnosis of PAD? angiography
