9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
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Cambridge International AS & A Level
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PSYCHOLOGY 9990/13
Paper 1 Approaches, Issues and Debates May/June 2025
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (CE) 341765/1
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
, 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
* 0000800000002 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
Section A
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):
(a) State the number of elephants used in this study.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(b) Identify two criteria used to select the elephants in this study.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Elephants were trained to do a number of behavioural tasks including ‘trunk here’.
Outline the ‘trunk here’ task.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), an EEG (electroencephalogram) was
used.
(a) Outline where on each participant’s body the EEG electrodes were attached.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to validity.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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© UCLES 2025 ĬëėôÑġĘĠëĈāÒ°ĎúòĂ 9990/13/M/J/25
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9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
* 0000800000001 *
, ,
Cambridge International AS & A Level
¬Wz> 4mHuOªE`z6W
¬ksT¥TywRªF^Bz
¥Uu5¥5u¥ E eU
* 1 6 3 7 0 1 4 3 7 5 *
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/13
Paper 1 Approaches, Issues and Debates May/June 2025
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (CE) 341765/1
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
, 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
* 0000800000002 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
Section A
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):
(a) State the number of elephants used in this study.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(b) Identify two criteria used to select the elephants in this study.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Elephants were trained to do a number of behavioural tasks including ‘trunk here’.
Outline the ‘trunk here’ task.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), an EEG (electroencephalogram) was
used.
(a) Outline where on each participant’s body the EEG electrodes were attached.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to validity.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
ĬÕú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝü¸þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬëėôÑġĘĠëĈāÒ°ĎúòĂ 9990/13/M/J/25
ĥÅÅĕµÕåÕÅÕµÅÅÕĥÕąÕ
9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf 9990_s25_qp_13.pdf
