PCB3023C Exam 1: Cell Biology 2026 – FGCU
1. Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B
Rationale: Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons to achieve stability,
whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
2. What property of water allows it to resist temperature changes effectively?
A. Adhesion
B. Low density as a solid
C. Cohesion
D. High specific heat
Answer: D
Rationale: High specific heat means water requires a significant amount of energy to
change its temperature, which helps maintain homeostasis.
,3. Which functional group is characterized by a carbon double-bonded to an
oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group?
A. Carbonyl
B. Hydroxyl
C. Carboxyl
D. Amino
Answer: C
Rationale: A carboxyl group (-COOH) consists of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group
attached to the same carbon atom.
4. In a phospholipid, which part is considered hydrophobic?
A. The phosphate group
B. The glycerol backbone
C. The choline head
D. The fatty acid tails
Answer: D
Rationale: Fatty acid tails are nonpolar and repel water, making them the hydrophobic
component of the phospholipid bilayer.
5. Which level of protein structure is determined solely by the sequence of
amino acids?
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Quaternary
Answer: C
Rationale: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids held together by
peptide bonds.
, 6. What type of linkage joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
A. Glycosidic linkage
B. Phosphodiester bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Ester linkage
Answer: A
Rationale: Glycosidic linkages are covalent bonds formed between carbohydrate
molecules via dehydration reactions.
7. Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. FADH2
Answer: B
Rationale: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule that stores and transfers energy
within cells.
8. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, every energy transfer
increases the ___ of the universe.
A. Entropy
B. Enthalpy
C. Free energy
D. Order
Answer: A
Rationale: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that energy transfers are never
100% efficient and increase disorder, known as entropy.
1. Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B
Rationale: Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons to achieve stability,
whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
2. What property of water allows it to resist temperature changes effectively?
A. Adhesion
B. Low density as a solid
C. Cohesion
D. High specific heat
Answer: D
Rationale: High specific heat means water requires a significant amount of energy to
change its temperature, which helps maintain homeostasis.
,3. Which functional group is characterized by a carbon double-bonded to an
oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group?
A. Carbonyl
B. Hydroxyl
C. Carboxyl
D. Amino
Answer: C
Rationale: A carboxyl group (-COOH) consists of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group
attached to the same carbon atom.
4. In a phospholipid, which part is considered hydrophobic?
A. The phosphate group
B. The glycerol backbone
C. The choline head
D. The fatty acid tails
Answer: D
Rationale: Fatty acid tails are nonpolar and repel water, making them the hydrophobic
component of the phospholipid bilayer.
5. Which level of protein structure is determined solely by the sequence of
amino acids?
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Quaternary
Answer: C
Rationale: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids held together by
peptide bonds.
, 6. What type of linkage joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
A. Glycosidic linkage
B. Phosphodiester bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Ester linkage
Answer: A
Rationale: Glycosidic linkages are covalent bonds formed between carbohydrate
molecules via dehydration reactions.
7. Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. FADH2
Answer: B
Rationale: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule that stores and transfers energy
within cells.
8. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, every energy transfer
increases the ___ of the universe.
A. Entropy
B. Enthalpy
C. Free energy
D. Order
Answer: A
Rationale: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that energy transfers are never
100% efficient and increase disorder, known as entropy.
