PUBHEPI 2410 - MIDTERM 1 (MODULES 1-3) EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

PUBHEPI 2410 - MIDTERM 1 (MODULES 1-3) EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Who was the English physician who developed a vaccine against smallpox using material from dairymaids who were infected with cowpox? - Answers Edward Jenner Who was the English physician who removed the pump handle from the Broad Street pump during the Cholera outbreak in London during the mid-19th Century? - Answers John Snow Clusters of a rare cancer known as Kaposi's sarcoma eventually helped epidemiologists identify what disease? - Answers AIDS What man became the first epidemiologist, statistician, and demographer when he summarized the Bills of Mortality for his 1662 publication Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index, and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality? - Answers John Graunt In the definition of epidemiology, "determinants" generally includes: (check all that apply) - Answers Risk factors, causes (T/F) Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations and the application of this study to control health problems. - Answers True In the definition of epidemiology, "distribution" refers to (select all that apply): - Answers Who, where, when The system devised by which man is the antecedent of the modern International Classification of Diseases, which categorizes diseases and causes of death? - Answers William Farr This city in Massachusetts is the site of one of the largest studies on cardiovascular health. - Answers Framingham In the mid-1700's, James Lind conducted one of the earliest experimental studies on the treatment of which condition, a common disease and cause of death at the time? - Answers Scurvy An exposure associated with a disease is known as a (choose the best answer): - Answers Risk factor The National Cancer Institute recently conducted a lung cancer screening program. This is an example of: - Answers Secondary prevention An epidemiologist notices a high rate of infant mortality in Gallifrey county. She begins looking at the availability of Women, Infants, and Children services in the area and their accessibility. Looking at this availability is an example of what kind of variable? - Answers Community infrastructure An industrial town along the shore of Lake Michigan is known for having poor air quality due to factories and shipping industry near residential areas. This would be an example of what kind of descriptive variable? - Answers Environmental The state of Ohio has one of the highest rates of infant mortality in the country. This would be an example of which variable? - Answers Health related outcome Nurses educating women to take vitamins before and in the early stages of pregnancy on healthy behaviors would be an example of what level of prevention for infant mortality? - Answers Primary prevention A community agency is putting together an exercise program for senior women to help in the prevention of osteoporosis. This would be an example of: - Answers Primary prevention A researcher observes that after prolonged exposure to a chemical, some individuals will in the future develop a disease condition due to that exposure. Which of Hill's criteria does this idea address? - Answers Temporality A person conducting interviews for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire collects information on the age, gender and race/ethnicity of an individual. This is an example of what kind of descriptive variables? - Answers Demographic and social What component of Hill's Aspects of Association asks if people are developing the same disease condition following exposure? - Answers Specificity (T/F) Descriptive epidemiology evaluates the impact of disease by identifying trends in a population. - Answers True Although it remains a leading cause of death in the United States, the death rate from heart disease has been declining in the United States since 1995 for African Americans. This decline would be an example of: - Answers Secular trend (T/F) Socioeconomic factors do not affect the occurrence of disease. - Answers False What is the primary objective of descriptive epidemiology? - Answers All of the above (To identify problems to be studied by analytic methods and to suggest areas that may be fruitful for investigation; To provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of health services; To permit evaluation of trends and diseases among countries and subgroups within countries) The comparison of rates of tuberculosis among Mexican Americans in rural versus urban settings would be a comparison of characteristic by - Answers Place Race/Ethnicity is an example of a: - Answers Person variable How does descriptive epidemiology differ from analytic epidemiology? - Answers Descriptive studies focus on the distribution of a disease in a population, while analytical studies focus on the determinants of disease. (T/F) Disease rates are different for different racial groups. - Answers True (T/F) Descriptive studies can be used to test hypotheses about cause and effect relationships (or determinants of disease). - Answers False Point epidemics and clustering are examples of disease occurrence according to: - Answers Time In January 2000 you began a one-year study of tuberculosis (TB) in a subsidized housing community in the Lower East Side of New York City. You enrolled 500 residents in your study and checked on their TB status on a monthly basis. At the start of your study on January 1st, you screened all 500 residents. Upon screening, you found that 20 of the healthy residents were immigrants who were vaccinated for TB and so were not at risk. Another 30 residents already had existing cases of TB on January 1st. On February 1st, 5 residents developed TB. On April 1st, 5 more residents developed TB. On June 1st, 10 healthy residents moved away from New York City were lost to follow-up. On July 1st, 10 of the residents who had existing TB on January 1st died from their disease. The study ended on December 31, 2000. Assume that once a person gets TB, they have it for the duration of the study, and assume that all remaining residents s - Answers True Which of the following is true of the prevalence measure of morbidity? - Answers All of the above (It is good for describing a health burden; It gives health departments and hospital administrators information for health planning; It does not give an estimate of the risk of developing a disease) Which measure of disease frequency is usually reserved for infectious disease outbreaks? - Answers Attack rate (T/F) The denominator of a proportion is always a subset of the numerator. - Answers False Which of the following can be thought of as the average risk of getting a disease over a certain period of time? - Answers Cumulative incidence (T/F) Because incidence measures a person's transition from a healthy to disease state, time must pass for this change to occur and be observed. - Answers True (T/F) The number of campers who developed gastroenteritis within a few days of eating a potato salad at the dining hall is an example of incidence. - Answers True Membership of which type of population is always defined by a life event? - Answers Fixed The number of accidental deaths among females aged 15-19 years is separated by race. There were 1,333 deaths between African-American females and white females in the age group. Two-hundred and twenty-seven (227), or 17% of these deaths were African-Americans. This calculation of 17% is an example of: - Answers Proportion The incidence rate is the: - Answers Number of new cases of a disease divided by the total population at risk In January 2000 you began a one-year study of tuberculosis (TB) in a subsidized housing community in the Lower East Side of New York City. You enrolled 500 residents in your study and checked on their TB status on a monthly basis. At the start of your study on January 1st, you screened all 500 residents. Upon screening, you found that 20 of the healthy residents were immigrants who were vaccinated for TB and so were not at risk. Another 30 residents already had existing cases of TB on January 1st. On February 1st, 5 residents developed TB. On April 1st, 5 more residents developed TB. On June 1st, 10 healthy residents moved away from New York City were lost to follow-up. On July 1st, 10 of the residents who had existing TB on January 1st died from their disease. The study ended on December 31, 2000. Assume that once a person gets TB, they have it for the duration of the study, and assume that all remaining residents s - Answers 22.2 per 1000 A population of 1,600 healthy, at risk people is monitored for one year starting on January 1st and the development of chicken pox cases is noted. No one has chicken pox at the start of the investigation. Twenty people develop chicken pox on June 30th and forty people develop chicken pox on September 30th. Twenty-four people were lost to follow-up on March 31st and twenty-four people were lost to follow-up on November 30th. None of those lost to follow-up had developed chicken pox prior to becoming lost. Assume that you can get chicken pox only once. What is the person-time incidence