Frequently asked HESI A2 SCIENCE questions and answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell? ️️ To produce ATP through cellular respiration Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? ️️ The circulatory system What is the normal pH range of human blood? ️️ 7.35 to 7.45 Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage? ️️ Lipids What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? ️️ Arteries What is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney? ️️ The nephron Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by lowering it? ️️ Insulin What is the role of white blood cells? ️️ To defend the body against infection Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? ️️ The cerebellum What gas is primarily exchanged in the lungs during respiration? ️️ Oxygen and carbon dioxide What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? ️️ Protein synthesis Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? ️️ The epiglottis What is the main component of the cell membrane? ️️ Phospholipids What type of joint is found in the shoulder? ️️ Ball-and-socket joint What is the function of the large intestine? ️️ Absorption of water and formation of feces Which blood cells are responsible for clotting? ️️ Platelets What is homeostasis? ️️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment Which organ produces bile? ️️ The liver 2 What is the smallest unit of life? ️️ The cell Which system controls hormones in the body? ️️ The endocrine system What is the function of DNA? ️️ To store genetic information What is the main function of the alveoli? ️️ Gas exchange in the lungs Which organ filters blood to produce urine? ️️ The kidneys What is the function of hemoglobin? ️️ To transport oxygen in red blood cells Which macromolecule is made of amino acids? ️️ Proteins What is the role of the pancreas in digestion? ️️ Produces enzymes and hormones like insulin What is diffusion? ️️ Movement of molecules from high to low concentration Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering? ️️ The iris What is the function of the skeletal system? ️️ Support, protection, and movement Which organ system includes the skin? ️️ The integumentary system What is the primary function of the small intestine? ️️ Absorption of nutrients Which organ stores bile? ️️ The gallbladder What is an antigen? ️️ A substance that triggers an immune response Which phase of mitosis separates sister chromatids? ️️ Anaphase What is the function of the thyroid gland? ️️ Regulates metabolism Which molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes? ️️ mRNA What is osmosis? ️️ Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? ️️ Vitamin K What is the function of the lungs? ️️ To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Which organ is responsible for pumping blood? ️️ The heart 3 What is a pathogen? ️️ A disease-causing organism Which blood type is the universal donor? ️️ O negative What is the function of the cerebrum? ️️ Thinking, memory, and voluntary movement Which structure connects muscle to bone? ️️ Tendon What is the function of the ovaries? ️️ Produce eggs and hormones Which system removes waste from the body? ️️ The excretory system What is ATP? ️️ The main energy currency of the cell Which organ is responsible for detoxification? ️️ The liver What is the function of the immune system? ️️ To protect against disease Which part of the neuron receives signals? ️️ Dendrites What is the function of red blood cells? ️️ Transport oxygen Which hormone is released during stress? ️️ Cortisol What is the role of enzymes? ️️ To speed up chemical reactions Which organ system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra? ️️ The urinary system What is the function of the testes? ️️ Produce sperm and testosterone What is a chromosome? ️️ A structure that contains DNA Which process produces gametes? ️️ Meiosis What is the function of the stomach? ️️ To digest food using acid and enzymes Which part of the respiratory system warms and filters air? ️️ The nasal cavity What is a vaccine? ️️ A substance that stimulates immunity against disease Which nutrient is the body’s primary energy source? ️️ Carbohydrates 4 What is the function of the lymphatic system? ️️ To return fluid to blood and support