NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing
Exam 1
2026/2027 (Newly Released
Content Focus :Nursing History, Theory, & Professionalism, Legal & Ethical Issues in
Nursing,Communication, Documentation, & Informatics, Infection Control & Safety,Vital
Signs & Physical Assessment Basics , Basic Nursing Skills & Hygiene
Q1: Florence Nightingale’s "Environmental Theory" emphasized which of the following as
essential for patient recovery?
A. Advanced technological interventions
B. Pure air, clean water, efficient drainage, and cleanliness [CORRECT]
C. Psychological counseling only
D. Strict bed rest and isolation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale believed that manipulating the physical environment (clean air, water,
light, sanitation) was necessary to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act.
,Q2: Which nurse theorist developed the "Interpersonal Relations Theory," focusing on the nurse-
patient relationship and the phases of the therapeutic relationship?
A. Hildegard Peplau [CORRECT]
B. Virginia Henderson
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" and introduced the
Interpersonal Relations Theory, defining nursing as a therapeutic, interpersonal process.
Q3: Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing emphasizes the nurse's role in assisting the
individual to perform activities contributing to:
A. Spiritual enlightenment
B. Recovery or peaceful death [CORRECT]
C. Financial independence
D. Social dominance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Henderson defined nursing as assisting the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that
the individual would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
Q4: According to Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, the goal of nursing is to:
A. Promote the patient's adaptation to environmental changes. [CORRECT]
B. Provide self-care.
C. Foster a caring relationship.
, D. Develop expertise in clinical practice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system. The goal of nursing
is to promote adaptation in the four modes (physiologic, self-concept, role function,
interdependence) to maintain integrity.
Q5: Which of the following statements describes the "Novice" nurse in Benner’s Novice to
Expert theory?
A. They operate on an intuitive level.
B. They rely on rules and guidelines to perform tasks. [CORRECT]
C. They have a deep understanding of the situation.
D. They perceive situations as wholes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Novice nurse has no experience; they function by following rigid rules and
context-free guidelines to perform tasks safely.
Q6: The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses provides a framework
for:
A. Determining salary scales.
B. Evaluating job performance.
C. Professional nursing practice and ethical decision-making. [CORRECT]
D. Scheduling staff shifts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics serves as a non-negotiable ethical standard for all nurses,
guiding their practice and decision-making regarding patient care.
Exam 1
2026/2027 (Newly Released
Content Focus :Nursing History, Theory, & Professionalism, Legal & Ethical Issues in
Nursing,Communication, Documentation, & Informatics, Infection Control & Safety,Vital
Signs & Physical Assessment Basics , Basic Nursing Skills & Hygiene
Q1: Florence Nightingale’s "Environmental Theory" emphasized which of the following as
essential for patient recovery?
A. Advanced technological interventions
B. Pure air, clean water, efficient drainage, and cleanliness [CORRECT]
C. Psychological counseling only
D. Strict bed rest and isolation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale believed that manipulating the physical environment (clean air, water,
light, sanitation) was necessary to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act.
,Q2: Which nurse theorist developed the "Interpersonal Relations Theory," focusing on the nurse-
patient relationship and the phases of the therapeutic relationship?
A. Hildegard Peplau [CORRECT]
B. Virginia Henderson
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" and introduced the
Interpersonal Relations Theory, defining nursing as a therapeutic, interpersonal process.
Q3: Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing emphasizes the nurse's role in assisting the
individual to perform activities contributing to:
A. Spiritual enlightenment
B. Recovery or peaceful death [CORRECT]
C. Financial independence
D. Social dominance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Henderson defined nursing as assisting the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that
the individual would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
Q4: According to Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, the goal of nursing is to:
A. Promote the patient's adaptation to environmental changes. [CORRECT]
B. Provide self-care.
C. Foster a caring relationship.
, D. Develop expertise in clinical practice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system. The goal of nursing
is to promote adaptation in the four modes (physiologic, self-concept, role function,
interdependence) to maintain integrity.
Q5: Which of the following statements describes the "Novice" nurse in Benner’s Novice to
Expert theory?
A. They operate on an intuitive level.
B. They rely on rules and guidelines to perform tasks. [CORRECT]
C. They have a deep understanding of the situation.
D. They perceive situations as wholes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Novice nurse has no experience; they function by following rigid rules and
context-free guidelines to perform tasks safely.
Q6: The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses provides a framework
for:
A. Determining salary scales.
B. Evaluating job performance.
C. Professional nursing practice and ethical decision-making. [CORRECT]
D. Scheduling staff shifts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics serves as a non-negotiable ethical standard for all nurses,
guiding their practice and decision-making regarding patient care.
