NURSE-UN 1435: PEDIATRIC
NURSING FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE | 100% CORRECT | A GRADE
(2026/2027) NYC
RESPIRATORY [7 Questions]
▪ The space between the upper and lower respiratory tract are so close that
infections can easily spread from one to another o These infections can become
otitis media because of the small and open Eustachian tubes
▪ Viruses cause the most infections o Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV),
coxsackieviruses, parainfluenza o Haemophilus Influenza and
Pneumococci can be prevented by vaccinations
▪ Infants <3 months: lower infection rates due to maternal antibodies
▪ 3-6 months: infection rates increase because maternal antibodies wear off
▪ Toddler/Preschool: viral infection rate remains high b/c of daycare/school
▪ 5 years or older: viral infection rates decrease, bacterial infections increase
▪ Resistance
, o Ability of the body to resist pathogens o Resistance can be decreased
due to
● Malnutrition
● Anemia
● Fatigue
● Allergies
● Preterm birth
● Asthma
● Daycare attendance ● Secondhand smoke exposure
▪ Seasonal Infections:
o Winter/Spring: RSV and Influenza A and B o Autumn/Early Winter:
Mycoplasmal infections o Winter/Cold Weather: asthmatic Bronchitis
▪ Assessment:
o Rate, effort o Evidence of infection (enlarged nodes, fever) o Cough o
Wheeze o Cyanosis o Chest pain o Nasal mucus o Halitosis→ from
breathing with their mouth open o Change in respiratory status
▪ Nasopharyngitis o
Common cold o
Caused by RSV
o Clinical Manifestations
● Fever
● Nasal congestion
● Irritable
● Poor feeding
Sneezing/coughing
, ●
●
Muscle aches o
Treatment
● No specific treatment
● Antipyretics, rest and increase fluids
● No decongestants for kids under 4
▪ Pharyngitis (Strep) o
Majority is viral
● Some caused by bacteria streptococci o Abrupt onset
o Clinical manifestations
● Fever
● Sore throat
● Headache
● Anterior cervical adenopathy
● Tonsils & pharynx may be inflamed & covered
in exudate o Diagnostic tests
● Rapid strep test
➢ Hit the pharynx with swab
➢ Two lines= positive GABHS (strep)
➢ Negative= likely viral
o Treatment
● Penicillin
➢ If allergic to this then give erythromycin or cephalosporin’s
, ●
●
● Can get rheumatic fever or acute
glomerulonephritis is not properly treated o Nursing
Management
● Pain: gargle with warm water
● Complete entire 10 days of antibiotic
New toothbrush to prevent new infection
Not contagious after 24 hours on antibiotic
▪ Tonsillitis o Tonsils and adenoids protect the body from
infection o Can get acute and chronic infections o Often
occurs with pharyngitis
● If it tests positive for strep, treat it as strep o
Clinical manifestations
● Fever
● Sore throat
● Headache
● Anterior cervical adenopathy
● Tonsils & pharynx may be inflamed & covered
in exudate
● Snoring at night o Treatment
● Warm water gargles
● Mild analgesics (acetaminophen) o Post-
Surgical
Interventions
● Ice collar for inflammation ● Monitor for
bleeding
NURSING FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE | 100% CORRECT | A GRADE
(2026/2027) NYC
RESPIRATORY [7 Questions]
▪ The space between the upper and lower respiratory tract are so close that
infections can easily spread from one to another o These infections can become
otitis media because of the small and open Eustachian tubes
▪ Viruses cause the most infections o Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV),
coxsackieviruses, parainfluenza o Haemophilus Influenza and
Pneumococci can be prevented by vaccinations
▪ Infants <3 months: lower infection rates due to maternal antibodies
▪ 3-6 months: infection rates increase because maternal antibodies wear off
▪ Toddler/Preschool: viral infection rate remains high b/c of daycare/school
▪ 5 years or older: viral infection rates decrease, bacterial infections increase
▪ Resistance
, o Ability of the body to resist pathogens o Resistance can be decreased
due to
● Malnutrition
● Anemia
● Fatigue
● Allergies
● Preterm birth
● Asthma
● Daycare attendance ● Secondhand smoke exposure
▪ Seasonal Infections:
o Winter/Spring: RSV and Influenza A and B o Autumn/Early Winter:
Mycoplasmal infections o Winter/Cold Weather: asthmatic Bronchitis
▪ Assessment:
o Rate, effort o Evidence of infection (enlarged nodes, fever) o Cough o
Wheeze o Cyanosis o Chest pain o Nasal mucus o Halitosis→ from
breathing with their mouth open o Change in respiratory status
▪ Nasopharyngitis o
Common cold o
Caused by RSV
o Clinical Manifestations
● Fever
● Nasal congestion
● Irritable
● Poor feeding
Sneezing/coughing
, ●
●
Muscle aches o
Treatment
● No specific treatment
● Antipyretics, rest and increase fluids
● No decongestants for kids under 4
▪ Pharyngitis (Strep) o
Majority is viral
● Some caused by bacteria streptococci o Abrupt onset
o Clinical manifestations
● Fever
● Sore throat
● Headache
● Anterior cervical adenopathy
● Tonsils & pharynx may be inflamed & covered
in exudate o Diagnostic tests
● Rapid strep test
➢ Hit the pharynx with swab
➢ Two lines= positive GABHS (strep)
➢ Negative= likely viral
o Treatment
● Penicillin
➢ If allergic to this then give erythromycin or cephalosporin’s
, ●
●
● Can get rheumatic fever or acute
glomerulonephritis is not properly treated o Nursing
Management
● Pain: gargle with warm water
● Complete entire 10 days of antibiotic
New toothbrush to prevent new infection
Not contagious after 24 hours on antibiotic
▪ Tonsillitis o Tonsils and adenoids protect the body from
infection o Can get acute and chronic infections o Often
occurs with pharyngitis
● If it tests positive for strep, treat it as strep o
Clinical manifestations
● Fever
● Sore throat
● Headache
● Anterior cervical adenopathy
● Tonsils & pharynx may be inflamed & covered
in exudate
● Snoring at night o Treatment
● Warm water gargles
● Mild analgesics (acetaminophen) o Post-
Surgical
Interventions
● Ice collar for inflammation ● Monitor for
bleeding
