NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 1 Test Questions and Verified Answers
2025/2026 Latest (Graded A+)
• Pathophysiology -✓✓The study of how normal physiologic processes are
affected by disease.
• genetic disease -✓✓Due to abnormalities in genetic makeup
• Developmental Disease -✓✓Diseases occurring during embryonic of fetal
development
• Inflammatory Disease -✓✓Trigger the inflamm
• Degenerative Disease -✓✓Causes part of the body to degenerate EX: Arthritis
• Metabolic Disease -✓✓affects the metabolism EX: Diabetes Mellitus
• Neoplastic Disease -✓✓Due to uncontrollable cellular growth; leads to benign
and malignant TUMOR growth
• Etiology -✓✓cause of disease
• idiopathic -✓✓unknown cause
• iatrogenic -✓✓produced by treatment ; Unintended
• Differentiation -✓✓process in which cells become specialized in structure and
function
• Nucleus -✓✓Control center of the cell
• selectively permeable -✓✓some substances can pass across them and others
cannot
, • Homeostasis -✓✓Call maintains state of internal balance
• ______ , ________ , and ________ have free passage in and out of the cell -
✓✓Enzymes, Glucose, and electrolytes
• Enzymes -✓✓Proteins that enable chemical reactions
• Glucose -✓✓Sugar molecule that provides energy
• Electrolytes -✓✓charged conductors when dissolved in water
• Diffusion -✓✓Movement of solutes dissolved in a solvent from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• facilitated diffusion -✓✓Substances move from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration with the assistance of a carrier molecule. DOES
NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
• Osmosis -✓✓passive movement of water/solvent across the cellular membrane
from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
• proliferation -✓✓Regulated process by which cells divide and reproduce.
• Mitosis -✓✓The division of 1 cell results in 2 genetically identical and equal
daughter cells EX: Diploid Cells
• Meiosis -✓✓Form of cell division that occurs only in mature sperm and ova.
• Adaptation -✓✓Cell death is prevented through this process
• atrophy -✓✓to waste away
• hypertrophy -✓✓increase in cell size
• Hyperplasia -✓✓increase in number of cells
Exam 1 Test Questions and Verified Answers
2025/2026 Latest (Graded A+)
• Pathophysiology -✓✓The study of how normal physiologic processes are
affected by disease.
• genetic disease -✓✓Due to abnormalities in genetic makeup
• Developmental Disease -✓✓Diseases occurring during embryonic of fetal
development
• Inflammatory Disease -✓✓Trigger the inflamm
• Degenerative Disease -✓✓Causes part of the body to degenerate EX: Arthritis
• Metabolic Disease -✓✓affects the metabolism EX: Diabetes Mellitus
• Neoplastic Disease -✓✓Due to uncontrollable cellular growth; leads to benign
and malignant TUMOR growth
• Etiology -✓✓cause of disease
• idiopathic -✓✓unknown cause
• iatrogenic -✓✓produced by treatment ; Unintended
• Differentiation -✓✓process in which cells become specialized in structure and
function
• Nucleus -✓✓Control center of the cell
• selectively permeable -✓✓some substances can pass across them and others
cannot
, • Homeostasis -✓✓Call maintains state of internal balance
• ______ , ________ , and ________ have free passage in and out of the cell -
✓✓Enzymes, Glucose, and electrolytes
• Enzymes -✓✓Proteins that enable chemical reactions
• Glucose -✓✓Sugar molecule that provides energy
• Electrolytes -✓✓charged conductors when dissolved in water
• Diffusion -✓✓Movement of solutes dissolved in a solvent from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• facilitated diffusion -✓✓Substances move from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration with the assistance of a carrier molecule. DOES
NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
• Osmosis -✓✓passive movement of water/solvent across the cellular membrane
from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
• proliferation -✓✓Regulated process by which cells divide and reproduce.
• Mitosis -✓✓The division of 1 cell results in 2 genetically identical and equal
daughter cells EX: Diploid Cells
• Meiosis -✓✓Form of cell division that occurs only in mature sperm and ova.
• Adaptation -✓✓Cell death is prevented through this process
• atrophy -✓✓to waste away
• hypertrophy -✓✓increase in cell size
• Hyperplasia -✓✓increase in number of cells
