PNB 2265 Exam 2 Mock Test 2026 | Complete Review +
Q&A
1. Describe the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune response.
TLRs are involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
and initiate an immune response.
TLRs help in the formation of lymphoid organs.
TLRs produce antibodies in response to antigens.
2. At rest (quiet breathing), which expiratory muscles typically contract
diaphragm
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
external intercostals
internal intercostals
none of the above
3. Describe how alveolar pressure varies during the phases of the ventilation
cycle.
Alveolar pressure only changes during forced expiration.
Alveolar pressure changes from negative during inspiration to
positive during expiration.
Alveolar pressure remains constant throughout the ventilation cycle.
Alveolar pressure is always negative regardless of the phase.
,4. What is the primary purpose of a vaccine containing an antigen?
To produce antibodies directly.
To stimulate the complement system.
To provide passive immunity.
To provide induced active immunity.
5. Where are the respiratory pacemakers located within the brainstem?
dorsal respiratory group
pontine respiratory group
the pre-Botzinger complex within the ventral respiratory group
6. What type of receptors do T cells acquire during their maturation process?
Specific MHC-II self proteins
Specific antigen receptors
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Specific MHC-I self proteins
7. Describe how ventilation-perfusion coupling contributes to effective gas
exchange in the lungs.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling increases the volume of air in the lungs
without affecting blood flow.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling reduces the need for oxygen in the
blood.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling matches airflow to blood flow,
optimizing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.
, Ventilation-perfusion coupling prevents blood from entering the
alveoli.
8. If a patient has a condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding properly,
what effect would this have on alveolar pressure during inspiration?
Alveolar pressure would remain positive throughout inspiration.
Alveolar pressure would fluctuate rapidly between negative and
positive.
Alveolar pressure would not become as negative as it should.
Alveolar pressure would increase significantly during inspiration.
9. Describe the role of B cell receptors in the immune response.
B cell receptors bind to free antigens, initiating the immune
response.
B cell receptors produce antibodies directly in response to
pathogens.
B cell receptors present antigens to T cells for activation.
B cell receptors are involved in the inflammatory response only.
10. The secondary antibody response to antigen is faster and stronger than the
primary response. This is due primarily because of
Memory B cells
Plasma B cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Neutrophils
, 11. In a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, how would the reaction
involving H+ ions and carbonic acid dissociation in red blood cells be
affected?
The reaction would reverse, producing more carbonic acid and H+
ions.
The reaction would proceed at the same rate, unaffected by the
acidosis.
The reaction would be inhibited, leading to a buildup of H+ ions.
The reaction would shift to consume more H+ ions, increasing
bicarbonate production.
12. Parietal pleura attaches to the ________
lungs
sternum
vertebrae
heart
both b and c
13. The _______ is adherent to the internal thoracic wall.
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
14. Which of the following describes why the secondary immune response is
much quicker and greater than the primary response to the same antigen?
Choose one:
T cells are involved in the secondary immune response but not during
the primary response.
Q&A
1. Describe the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune response.
TLRs are involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
and initiate an immune response.
TLRs help in the formation of lymphoid organs.
TLRs produce antibodies in response to antigens.
2. At rest (quiet breathing), which expiratory muscles typically contract
diaphragm
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
external intercostals
internal intercostals
none of the above
3. Describe how alveolar pressure varies during the phases of the ventilation
cycle.
Alveolar pressure only changes during forced expiration.
Alveolar pressure changes from negative during inspiration to
positive during expiration.
Alveolar pressure remains constant throughout the ventilation cycle.
Alveolar pressure is always negative regardless of the phase.
,4. What is the primary purpose of a vaccine containing an antigen?
To produce antibodies directly.
To stimulate the complement system.
To provide passive immunity.
To provide induced active immunity.
5. Where are the respiratory pacemakers located within the brainstem?
dorsal respiratory group
pontine respiratory group
the pre-Botzinger complex within the ventral respiratory group
6. What type of receptors do T cells acquire during their maturation process?
Specific MHC-II self proteins
Specific antigen receptors
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Specific MHC-I self proteins
7. Describe how ventilation-perfusion coupling contributes to effective gas
exchange in the lungs.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling increases the volume of air in the lungs
without affecting blood flow.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling reduces the need for oxygen in the
blood.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling matches airflow to blood flow,
optimizing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.
, Ventilation-perfusion coupling prevents blood from entering the
alveoli.
8. If a patient has a condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding properly,
what effect would this have on alveolar pressure during inspiration?
Alveolar pressure would remain positive throughout inspiration.
Alveolar pressure would fluctuate rapidly between negative and
positive.
Alveolar pressure would not become as negative as it should.
Alveolar pressure would increase significantly during inspiration.
9. Describe the role of B cell receptors in the immune response.
B cell receptors bind to free antigens, initiating the immune
response.
B cell receptors produce antibodies directly in response to
pathogens.
B cell receptors present antigens to T cells for activation.
B cell receptors are involved in the inflammatory response only.
10. The secondary antibody response to antigen is faster and stronger than the
primary response. This is due primarily because of
Memory B cells
Plasma B cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Neutrophils
, 11. In a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, how would the reaction
involving H+ ions and carbonic acid dissociation in red blood cells be
affected?
The reaction would reverse, producing more carbonic acid and H+
ions.
The reaction would proceed at the same rate, unaffected by the
acidosis.
The reaction would be inhibited, leading to a buildup of H+ ions.
The reaction would shift to consume more H+ ions, increasing
bicarbonate production.
12. Parietal pleura attaches to the ________
lungs
sternum
vertebrae
heart
both b and c
13. The _______ is adherent to the internal thoracic wall.
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
14. Which of the following describes why the secondary immune response is
much quicker and greater than the primary response to the same antigen?
Choose one:
T cells are involved in the secondary immune response but not during
the primary response.
