2
Pharmacology Midterm (Unit 1-6) Galen College of Nursing || || || || || || || ||
Exam with verified detailed answers || || || ||
Which FDA pregnancy category of drug refers to a substance that has a known risk to a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fetus, however the overall benefit outweighs the risk?
|| || || || || || ||
a) A
||
b) C
||
c) D
||
d) X
||
d) This is a memorization-style question. Class D represents drugs that may have a risk to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the fetus, but there may be some benefits. Class X represents drugs that are contraindicated
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
during pregnancy. Class A represents drugs with no known risk to the fetus. Class C
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
represents drugs with risk potential, however, whether there is an adverse effect is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
unknown.
What is the function of an ion channel?
|| || || || || || ||
a) Connects cells together
|| || ||
b) Directly alters gene expression with a cell
|| || || || || || ||
c) Generates second messengers within the cell
|| || || || || ||
d) Allows electrolytes to cross the cell membrane
|| || || || || || ||
d) Allows electrolytes to cross the cell membrane - Ion channels are special receptors that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bind to a drug and then open up. When this happens, this allows ions to cross the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane. When this occurs, this is associated with body processes that utilize electrical
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
signaling, like neural communication, muscle contraction, and heart beat. Sodium entry
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
into a cell is excitatory, whereas chloride entry into a cell is inhibitory.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is the function of a drug antagonist?
|| || || || || || ||
a) Activates a receptor
|| || ||
b) Partially activates a receptor
|| || || ||
c) Prevents a receptor from being activated
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d) Produces the opposite effect of receptor activation
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, 2
c) Prevents a receptor from being activated - Antagonists prevent drugs that activate a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
receptor (i.e. an agonist) from binding to the receptor. Consequently, in the presence of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antagonist, there will be no effect generated by the receptor.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Liver dysfunction most directly interferes with which process pertaining to drug action
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
within the body? || ||
a) Absorption
||
b) Distribution
||
c) Metabolism
||
d) Excretion
||
c) Metabolism - The liver contains many enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drugs, which breaks down drugs, rendering them no longer active. After drugs are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolized, they often go to the kidneys for excretion via the urine. || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is the percentage of a particular drug that gets absorbed?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
a) Bioavailability
||
b) Dose-response
||
c) Half-life
||
d) IC50
||
a) Bioavailability - The percentage of a drug that gets absorbed refers to bioavailability.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Specifically, based on route of administration, a drug may not be maximally absorbed into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the bloodstream (i.e. if orally administered). So, the
|| || || || || || ||
bioavailability allows one to estimate the overall fraction of a drug that ends up circulating
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in the blood.
|| ||
What is an effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system?
|| || || || || || || || ||
a) Pupil constriction
|| ||
b) Increased heart rate
|| || ||
c) Increased urinary output
|| || ||
d) Decreased blood pressure
|| || ||
b) Increased heart rate - The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "flight or fight"
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
responses that focus on spending energy. As part of this, heart rate increases. All of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
other listed responses are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Pharmacology Midterm (Unit 1-6) Galen College of Nursing || || || || || || || ||
Exam with verified detailed answers || || || ||
Which FDA pregnancy category of drug refers to a substance that has a known risk to a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fetus, however the overall benefit outweighs the risk?
|| || || || || || ||
a) A
||
b) C
||
c) D
||
d) X
||
d) This is a memorization-style question. Class D represents drugs that may have a risk to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the fetus, but there may be some benefits. Class X represents drugs that are contraindicated
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
during pregnancy. Class A represents drugs with no known risk to the fetus. Class C
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
represents drugs with risk potential, however, whether there is an adverse effect is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
unknown.
What is the function of an ion channel?
|| || || || || || ||
a) Connects cells together
|| || ||
b) Directly alters gene expression with a cell
|| || || || || || ||
c) Generates second messengers within the cell
|| || || || || ||
d) Allows electrolytes to cross the cell membrane
|| || || || || || ||
d) Allows electrolytes to cross the cell membrane - Ion channels are special receptors that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bind to a drug and then open up. When this happens, this allows ions to cross the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane. When this occurs, this is associated with body processes that utilize electrical
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
signaling, like neural communication, muscle contraction, and heart beat. Sodium entry
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
into a cell is excitatory, whereas chloride entry into a cell is inhibitory.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is the function of a drug antagonist?
|| || || || || || ||
a) Activates a receptor
|| || ||
b) Partially activates a receptor
|| || || ||
c) Prevents a receptor from being activated
|| || || || || ||
d) Produces the opposite effect of receptor activation
|| || || || || || ||
, 2
c) Prevents a receptor from being activated - Antagonists prevent drugs that activate a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
receptor (i.e. an agonist) from binding to the receptor. Consequently, in the presence of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antagonist, there will be no effect generated by the receptor.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Liver dysfunction most directly interferes with which process pertaining to drug action
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
within the body? || ||
a) Absorption
||
b) Distribution
||
c) Metabolism
||
d) Excretion
||
c) Metabolism - The liver contains many enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drugs, which breaks down drugs, rendering them no longer active. After drugs are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolized, they often go to the kidneys for excretion via the urine. || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is the percentage of a particular drug that gets absorbed?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
a) Bioavailability
||
b) Dose-response
||
c) Half-life
||
d) IC50
||
a) Bioavailability - The percentage of a drug that gets absorbed refers to bioavailability.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Specifically, based on route of administration, a drug may not be maximally absorbed into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the bloodstream (i.e. if orally administered). So, the
|| || || || || || ||
bioavailability allows one to estimate the overall fraction of a drug that ends up circulating
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in the blood.
|| ||
What is an effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system?
|| || || || || || || || ||
a) Pupil constriction
|| ||
b) Increased heart rate
|| || ||
c) Increased urinary output
|| || ||
d) Decreased blood pressure
|| || ||
b) Increased heart rate - The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "flight or fight"
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
responses that focus on spending energy. As part of this, heart rate increases. All of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
other listed responses are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.
|| || || || || || || || ||
