WGU D776 TASK 1 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ 5 levels of project management maturity (Crawford, 2007).
Answer: 1) Initial 2) Structured standards 3) Organizational standards 4)
Managed Process 5) Optimized process
◍ Assessment is most effective when.
Answer: 1. Designed to assess a clearly defined set of intended learning
outcomes.2. The nature and function of the assessments are congruent with
the outcomes to be assessed.3. The assessments are designed to fit the
relevant student characteristics and are fair to everyone.4. Assessments
provide information that is meaningful, dependable, and relevant.5.
Provision is made for giving the students early feedback of assessment
results.6. Specific learning weaknesses are revealed by the assessment
results.7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the
appropriateness of the objectives, the methods, and the materials of
instruction.
◍ External risk.
Answer: Partners or contractors, regulation/government, competitive market
influences, customer expectations and availability, environmental factors
such as weather, etc.
◍ Supply Response.
Answer: are higher in realism and the complexity of tasks they can measure
(e.g., ability to originate, integrate, and express ideas) than
selected-response tests, but they are more time consuming to use and more
difficult to score. (students are supply the response: short answer items and
essay items)
,◍ Performance Assessments may focus on....
Answer: a procedure (e.g., giving a speech, reading aloud, physical skills,
musical performance)a product (e.g., a theme, a written essay, a graph, a
map, a painting, a poster, a model, a woodworking project, and a laboratory
report, drawing, or insect display)or both(e.g., using tools properly in
building a bookcase).
◍ PRINCE2.
Answer: PRojects IN a Controlled Environment
◍ Tools that document approval requirements for each work package.
Answer: Project statement of work (SOW), project charter
◍ Internal rate of return (IRR).
Answer: Evaluates potential projects as if they were financial investments. It
calculates the rate of return for a project.
◍ Three-point formula for standard deviation.
Answer: (P-O) / 6. (Note: Result is +/- to result of activity)
◍ Disadvantages of Matrix.
Answer: Requires cooperation and coordination between and among
functional departments and project managers. SMEs not in daily contact
with other SMEs for sharing of technical knowledge.Person with
decision-making power is not always clearly identified.Resource balancing
between projects can lead to friction. Project closeout tasks are often
difficult in strong matrix organizations. Division of authority and
responsibility is complex
◍ Apportion top-down method.
Answer: In addition to Ratio, takes into consideration specific functionality
or types of work that will be required. Overall project cost must be provided
based on the customer's budget or similar projects. The overall budget is
then allocated to the major work areas required in the project (design,
programming, testing, documentation, user training).
,◍ Technical risk.
Answer: Technology availability and cost, complexity of the technical
requirements, performance and reliability, quality, project requirements,
costs, etc.
◍ Initiating Activities (Process #1).
Answer: Document business need, define project, evaluate proposals,
complete project selection, identify stakeholders, and create project charter
◍ Benchmark.
Answer: Statements that follow a standard and clarify in broad terms what
the standard means.
◍ Selected Response Tests.
Answer: we can obtain a comprehensive coverage of a content domain, and
can administer, score, and interpret it easily, but we sacrifice realism and
some types of complexity (students are selecting the response: multiple
choice, matching, and true/false items)
◍ Weakness of checklist model.
Answer: Overwhelming number of questions may be identified
◍ Fast-tracking.
Answer: Alternative to schedule crashing where certain tasks are overlapped
despite their dependencies
◍ Selection Item: Matching.
Answer: simply a variation of the multiple-choice form. A good practice is
to switch to the matching format only when it becomes apparent that the
same alternatives are being repeated in several multiple-choice items.
◍ Pessimistic.
Answer: Has taken up to X time to complete
◍ Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1994 (ESEA). Reauthorized.
Answer: Challenging standards were set for student achievement and to
develop and administered to "all" students and required that all schools
, make "Adequate Yearly Practice". It also included "special needs students"
in the definition of all students. States were required to set challenging
standards for student achievement, and develop and administer assessments
to measure student progress towards those standards. Federal laws such as
ESEA and IDEA can be seen as legislated attempts to 'raise the bar.'
◍ Modifications.
Answer: Do change the expectations for learningDo reduce the requirements
of the task (e.g., reduce number of items, alternate assignments, lower-level
reading assignments) For students who require more support or adjustments
than accommodations provide.
◍ Classroom Achievement Tests.
Answer: The tests designed for classroom use provide a systematic
procedure for determining the extent to which intended learning outcomes
have been achieved
◍ Calendarized budget.
Answer: Costs are distributed across the time periods of the project.
Knowing when expenses will occur allows the organization to ensure that
sufficient money is available to pay the bills when due
◍ Achievement Assessment.
Answer: achievement assessment is a broad category that includes all of the
various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving
the intended learning outcomes of instruction
◍ Bottom-up estimates cannot be created until what is available?.
Answer: WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
◍ Content-Referenced Interpretation.
Answer: Essentially the same meaning as domain-referenced interpretation
when the content domain is broadly defined to include tasks representing
both content and process (i.e., reactions to the content). This term is
declining in use and being replaced by criterion-referenced interpretation.
◍ Change management phases (in book).
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ 5 levels of project management maturity (Crawford, 2007).
Answer: 1) Initial 2) Structured standards 3) Organizational standards 4)
Managed Process 5) Optimized process
◍ Assessment is most effective when.
Answer: 1. Designed to assess a clearly defined set of intended learning
outcomes.2. The nature and function of the assessments are congruent with
the outcomes to be assessed.3. The assessments are designed to fit the
relevant student characteristics and are fair to everyone.4. Assessments
provide information that is meaningful, dependable, and relevant.5.
Provision is made for giving the students early feedback of assessment
results.6. Specific learning weaknesses are revealed by the assessment
results.7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the
appropriateness of the objectives, the methods, and the materials of
instruction.
◍ External risk.
Answer: Partners or contractors, regulation/government, competitive market
influences, customer expectations and availability, environmental factors
such as weather, etc.
◍ Supply Response.
Answer: are higher in realism and the complexity of tasks they can measure
(e.g., ability to originate, integrate, and express ideas) than
selected-response tests, but they are more time consuming to use and more
difficult to score. (students are supply the response: short answer items and
essay items)
,◍ Performance Assessments may focus on....
Answer: a procedure (e.g., giving a speech, reading aloud, physical skills,
musical performance)a product (e.g., a theme, a written essay, a graph, a
map, a painting, a poster, a model, a woodworking project, and a laboratory
report, drawing, or insect display)or both(e.g., using tools properly in
building a bookcase).
◍ PRINCE2.
Answer: PRojects IN a Controlled Environment
◍ Tools that document approval requirements for each work package.
Answer: Project statement of work (SOW), project charter
◍ Internal rate of return (IRR).
Answer: Evaluates potential projects as if they were financial investments. It
calculates the rate of return for a project.
◍ Three-point formula for standard deviation.
Answer: (P-O) / 6. (Note: Result is +/- to result of activity)
◍ Disadvantages of Matrix.
Answer: Requires cooperation and coordination between and among
functional departments and project managers. SMEs not in daily contact
with other SMEs for sharing of technical knowledge.Person with
decision-making power is not always clearly identified.Resource balancing
between projects can lead to friction. Project closeout tasks are often
difficult in strong matrix organizations. Division of authority and
responsibility is complex
◍ Apportion top-down method.
Answer: In addition to Ratio, takes into consideration specific functionality
or types of work that will be required. Overall project cost must be provided
based on the customer's budget or similar projects. The overall budget is
then allocated to the major work areas required in the project (design,
programming, testing, documentation, user training).
,◍ Technical risk.
Answer: Technology availability and cost, complexity of the technical
requirements, performance and reliability, quality, project requirements,
costs, etc.
◍ Initiating Activities (Process #1).
Answer: Document business need, define project, evaluate proposals,
complete project selection, identify stakeholders, and create project charter
◍ Benchmark.
Answer: Statements that follow a standard and clarify in broad terms what
the standard means.
◍ Selected Response Tests.
Answer: we can obtain a comprehensive coverage of a content domain, and
can administer, score, and interpret it easily, but we sacrifice realism and
some types of complexity (students are selecting the response: multiple
choice, matching, and true/false items)
◍ Weakness of checklist model.
Answer: Overwhelming number of questions may be identified
◍ Fast-tracking.
Answer: Alternative to schedule crashing where certain tasks are overlapped
despite their dependencies
◍ Selection Item: Matching.
Answer: simply a variation of the multiple-choice form. A good practice is
to switch to the matching format only when it becomes apparent that the
same alternatives are being repeated in several multiple-choice items.
◍ Pessimistic.
Answer: Has taken up to X time to complete
◍ Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1994 (ESEA). Reauthorized.
Answer: Challenging standards were set for student achievement and to
develop and administered to "all" students and required that all schools
, make "Adequate Yearly Practice". It also included "special needs students"
in the definition of all students. States were required to set challenging
standards for student achievement, and develop and administer assessments
to measure student progress towards those standards. Federal laws such as
ESEA and IDEA can be seen as legislated attempts to 'raise the bar.'
◍ Modifications.
Answer: Do change the expectations for learningDo reduce the requirements
of the task (e.g., reduce number of items, alternate assignments, lower-level
reading assignments) For students who require more support or adjustments
than accommodations provide.
◍ Classroom Achievement Tests.
Answer: The tests designed for classroom use provide a systematic
procedure for determining the extent to which intended learning outcomes
have been achieved
◍ Calendarized budget.
Answer: Costs are distributed across the time periods of the project.
Knowing when expenses will occur allows the organization to ensure that
sufficient money is available to pay the bills when due
◍ Achievement Assessment.
Answer: achievement assessment is a broad category that includes all of the
various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving
the intended learning outcomes of instruction
◍ Bottom-up estimates cannot be created until what is available?.
Answer: WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
◍ Content-Referenced Interpretation.
Answer: Essentially the same meaning as domain-referenced interpretation
when the content domain is broadly defined to include tasks representing
both content and process (i.e., reactions to the content). This term is
declining in use and being replaced by criterion-referenced interpretation.
◍ Change management phases (in book).
