WGU C168 CRITICAL THINKING AND
LOGIC FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Egocentric Immediacy.
Answer: Overgeneralizing so that immediate events, whether favorable or
unfavorable, influence thinking
◍ Intellectual Integrity.
Answer: opposite is intellectual dishonesty
◍ 3 kids of implications that may be involved in any situations.
Answer: possible, probably, necessary
◍ What are the series of measures or steps to help aspiring critical thinkers lay
a foundation for improving their thinking?.
Answer: Use "wasted" timeHandle one problem per dayInternalize
intellectual standardsKeep an intellectual journalPractice intellectual
strategiesReshape your characterDeal with your egoRedefine the way you
see thingsGet in touch with your emotionsAnalyze group influences on your
life
◍ How does one ensure that all reasoning leads somewhere or has implications
and consequences?.
Answer: Trace the logical implications and consequences that follow from
your reasoning. Search for negative as well as positive implications.
Consider all possible significant consequences.5.21 Think for Yourself
CHECKPOINTS IN THINKING
◍ What do the questions that focus on Relevance include?.
Answer: Questions focusing on relevance include: How is this idea
connected to the question? How does that bear on the issue? How does this
, idea relate to this other idea? How does your question relate to the issue we
are dealing with?
◍ Shallow-Learning.
Answer: doesn't produce lasting knowledge and comprehension
◍ Paul and Elder propose what five foundations for ethical thinking?.
Answer: 1) We cannot pick and choose our ethical principles subjectively.2)
If we are reasonable, we should respect clear-cut ethical principles.3) We
must learn how to apply ethical concepts and principles to ethical issues.4)
We should distinguish ethical principles from other domains (law, religion,
ideology, societal norms and taboos).5) We should recognize egocentrism
and sociocentrism as significant barriers to sound ethical reasoning.
◍ What do the questions that focus on Fairness include?.
Answer: Questions that focus on ensuring that thinking is fair include: Is my
thinking justified given the evidence? Am I taking into account the weight
of the evidence that others might advance in the situation? Are these
assumptions justified? Is my purpose fair given the implications of my
behavior? Is the manner in which I am addressing the problem fair—or is
my vested interest keeping me from considering the problem from
alternative viewpoints? Am I using concepts justifiably, or am I using them
unfairly to manipulate someone (to selfishly get what I want)?
◍ All reasoning is shaped by, and expressed through, concepts (explain).
Answer: Clearly identify key conceptsConsider alternative conceptsUse
concepts with care and precisionUse concepts justifiably (i.e., don't distort
their established meanings)
◍ intellectual autonomy.
Answer: opposite is intellectual conformity
◍ 2 Components in Strategic Thinking.
Answer: 1-Identification2-Intellectual Action
◍ Egocentric Absurdity.
Answer: failing to recognize thinking that has 'absurd' consequences
,◍ How does one ensure that all reasoning is an attempt to figure out
something, to settle some question, solve some problem?.
Answer: Take time to state the question at issue clearly and precisely.
Express the question in several ways to clarify its meaning and scope. Break
the question into sub-questions (when you can). Identify the type of question
you are dealing with (historical, economic, biological, etc.) and whether the
question has one right answer, is a matter of mere opinion, or requires
reasoning from more than one point of view. Think-through the
complexities of the question (think-through the question deeply).
◍ To admit flaws in one's own thinking is an expression of what?.
Answer: intellectual integrity
◍ Rival Cause.
Answer: plausible alternative explanation for why a certain outcome
happened
◍ Intellectual Humility.
Answer: opposite is intellectual arrogance
◍ "Is basketball or ice hockey more fun to watch?" is what type of question?.
Answer: This is a question of preference, since it is asking for a subjective
choice.
◍ Egocentric Myopia.
Answer: adopting an overly narrow point of view and thinking in absolutes
◍ What is not true about the gap between the real and ideal in academic
disciplines or field of study, according to Paul and Elder?.
Answer: Higher order thinking contributes to the gap
◍ Sources of Evidence.
Answer: AnalogyIntuitionPersonal ObservationAppeal to AuthorityCase
ExampleTestimonialSurvey/QuestionnaireResearch StudyPersonal
ExperienceChronology
◍ How do you Think Across Points of View?.
, Answer: many sourcesPoint-of-view source ExamplePoint in time 18th
century, 1960s, yesterdayCulture Western, Eastern, youthReligion Christian,
Jewish, MuslimGender/Sexual Orientation male, female, straight,
gayProfession lawyer, teacher, soldierAcademic discipline biology, history,
sociologyPeer group jock, theater/drama, overachieverEconomic interest
landlord, renter, business owner, rank-and-file employeeEmotional state
outraged, resentful, euphoricAge group adolescence, twenty-something,
elderly
◍ How does reasoning relate to Purpose?.
Answer: Purpose is the goal or objective of reasoning. It describes the
desired outcome or intent (e.g., winning an argument, grasping a complex
concept, justifying one's behavior). We can identify purpose in anything that
entails reasoning. The critical thinker always asks what function reasoning
serves and in what direction it is moving.
◍ Submission.
Answer: strategic subservience; caters to those with power or prestige who
can advance their goals
◍ 9 Fundamental Intellectual Standards.
Answer: 1-Clarity2-Accuracy3-Relevance4-Logic5-Breadth6-Precision7-Significanc
◍ Second-Order Thinking.
Answer: Critical thinking-first-order thinking is consciously realized-is then
analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed
◍ Describe Egocentric myopia.
Answer: Description Adopting an overly narrow point of view and thinking
in absolutesWays to correctConsidering points of view that conflict with
ours
◍ Explain Logic.
Answer: Explanation Thinking is logical when thoughts and the order in
which they are organized are mutually supportive and make sense in
combinationThinking that is internally contradictory or includes conflicting
LOGIC FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Egocentric Immediacy.
Answer: Overgeneralizing so that immediate events, whether favorable or
unfavorable, influence thinking
◍ Intellectual Integrity.
Answer: opposite is intellectual dishonesty
◍ 3 kids of implications that may be involved in any situations.
Answer: possible, probably, necessary
◍ What are the series of measures or steps to help aspiring critical thinkers lay
a foundation for improving their thinking?.
Answer: Use "wasted" timeHandle one problem per dayInternalize
intellectual standardsKeep an intellectual journalPractice intellectual
strategiesReshape your characterDeal with your egoRedefine the way you
see thingsGet in touch with your emotionsAnalyze group influences on your
life
◍ How does one ensure that all reasoning leads somewhere or has implications
and consequences?.
Answer: Trace the logical implications and consequences that follow from
your reasoning. Search for negative as well as positive implications.
Consider all possible significant consequences.5.21 Think for Yourself
CHECKPOINTS IN THINKING
◍ What do the questions that focus on Relevance include?.
Answer: Questions focusing on relevance include: How is this idea
connected to the question? How does that bear on the issue? How does this
, idea relate to this other idea? How does your question relate to the issue we
are dealing with?
◍ Shallow-Learning.
Answer: doesn't produce lasting knowledge and comprehension
◍ Paul and Elder propose what five foundations for ethical thinking?.
Answer: 1) We cannot pick and choose our ethical principles subjectively.2)
If we are reasonable, we should respect clear-cut ethical principles.3) We
must learn how to apply ethical concepts and principles to ethical issues.4)
We should distinguish ethical principles from other domains (law, religion,
ideology, societal norms and taboos).5) We should recognize egocentrism
and sociocentrism as significant barriers to sound ethical reasoning.
◍ What do the questions that focus on Fairness include?.
Answer: Questions that focus on ensuring that thinking is fair include: Is my
thinking justified given the evidence? Am I taking into account the weight
of the evidence that others might advance in the situation? Are these
assumptions justified? Is my purpose fair given the implications of my
behavior? Is the manner in which I am addressing the problem fair—or is
my vested interest keeping me from considering the problem from
alternative viewpoints? Am I using concepts justifiably, or am I using them
unfairly to manipulate someone (to selfishly get what I want)?
◍ All reasoning is shaped by, and expressed through, concepts (explain).
Answer: Clearly identify key conceptsConsider alternative conceptsUse
concepts with care and precisionUse concepts justifiably (i.e., don't distort
their established meanings)
◍ intellectual autonomy.
Answer: opposite is intellectual conformity
◍ 2 Components in Strategic Thinking.
Answer: 1-Identification2-Intellectual Action
◍ Egocentric Absurdity.
Answer: failing to recognize thinking that has 'absurd' consequences
,◍ How does one ensure that all reasoning is an attempt to figure out
something, to settle some question, solve some problem?.
Answer: Take time to state the question at issue clearly and precisely.
Express the question in several ways to clarify its meaning and scope. Break
the question into sub-questions (when you can). Identify the type of question
you are dealing with (historical, economic, biological, etc.) and whether the
question has one right answer, is a matter of mere opinion, or requires
reasoning from more than one point of view. Think-through the
complexities of the question (think-through the question deeply).
◍ To admit flaws in one's own thinking is an expression of what?.
Answer: intellectual integrity
◍ Rival Cause.
Answer: plausible alternative explanation for why a certain outcome
happened
◍ Intellectual Humility.
Answer: opposite is intellectual arrogance
◍ "Is basketball or ice hockey more fun to watch?" is what type of question?.
Answer: This is a question of preference, since it is asking for a subjective
choice.
◍ Egocentric Myopia.
Answer: adopting an overly narrow point of view and thinking in absolutes
◍ What is not true about the gap between the real and ideal in academic
disciplines or field of study, according to Paul and Elder?.
Answer: Higher order thinking contributes to the gap
◍ Sources of Evidence.
Answer: AnalogyIntuitionPersonal ObservationAppeal to AuthorityCase
ExampleTestimonialSurvey/QuestionnaireResearch StudyPersonal
ExperienceChronology
◍ How do you Think Across Points of View?.
, Answer: many sourcesPoint-of-view source ExamplePoint in time 18th
century, 1960s, yesterdayCulture Western, Eastern, youthReligion Christian,
Jewish, MuslimGender/Sexual Orientation male, female, straight,
gayProfession lawyer, teacher, soldierAcademic discipline biology, history,
sociologyPeer group jock, theater/drama, overachieverEconomic interest
landlord, renter, business owner, rank-and-file employeeEmotional state
outraged, resentful, euphoricAge group adolescence, twenty-something,
elderly
◍ How does reasoning relate to Purpose?.
Answer: Purpose is the goal or objective of reasoning. It describes the
desired outcome or intent (e.g., winning an argument, grasping a complex
concept, justifying one's behavior). We can identify purpose in anything that
entails reasoning. The critical thinker always asks what function reasoning
serves and in what direction it is moving.
◍ Submission.
Answer: strategic subservience; caters to those with power or prestige who
can advance their goals
◍ 9 Fundamental Intellectual Standards.
Answer: 1-Clarity2-Accuracy3-Relevance4-Logic5-Breadth6-Precision7-Significanc
◍ Second-Order Thinking.
Answer: Critical thinking-first-order thinking is consciously realized-is then
analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed
◍ Describe Egocentric myopia.
Answer: Description Adopting an overly narrow point of view and thinking
in absolutesWays to correctConsidering points of view that conflict with
ours
◍ Explain Logic.
Answer: Explanation Thinking is logical when thoughts and the order in
which they are organized are mutually supportive and make sense in
combinationThinking that is internally contradictory or includes conflicting
