BIOL 459 Midterm 1 Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
How are psychology and ethology different? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-psychology
| | | | | | | | |
links what people do to their brain
| | | | | |
ethoogy is animal behavior
| | |
What is behavioural ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a large subdivision of
| | | | | | | | | |
ethology, looks at behaviour, interactions within a populaion and comunity.
| | | | | | | | | |
usually evoluntoary context
| |
Know tinbergens 4 levels of analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--causation: why
| | | | | | | | | |
does an animal act a certain way (cause/physioloigcal mechansim)
| | | | | | | |
-ontongeny (developmental history): why do calls change with development
| | | | | | | |
-function (adaptation): how does this set of behaviours arise? is it adaptive
| | | | | | | | | | |
-phylogeny; how did this trait/behvaiour eveolve?
| | | | |
what are proxmiate questions/mechansims? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | |
what are ultimate questions/mechansims? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | |
know the requirement for natrual selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | |
reproduction
-heritable variation |
,-differential fecundity/survival |
-competition
what forces other than natural selection result in evolutionary change? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selectoin.
| | | | | | |
be able to explain how gene might produce/influence behvaiour - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-differences in behaviour are affected by genes. | | | | | | |
cake analogy:
| |
-change one ingrediant, might drastically change the cake. determined by genes
| | | | | | | | | |
interaction between genetic and envrionmental nfluence make up behaviour.
| | | | | | | | |
look into fly example.
| | |
how do foraging genes affect behaviour in Drosophilia, Apis? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-behaviour can be influenced by different alleles or differences in | | | | | | | | | |
expression:
some flies are sitters, others are rovers (move around)
| | | | | | | |
for R - higher PKG activty in the brain - forager
| | | | | | | | | |
for r - lower PKG activty (recessive)-sitter
| | | | | |
protein produced by the foraging gene is PKG which turns genes on and off by
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
phosphorylating other genes. | | |
Apis (bees) pleiotropy; one gene with multiple expresison
| | | | | | |
bees change their behaviour epdning on how old they are because as they age
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
their gene becomes more expressed. increasing PKG switchs them to a foraging
| | | | | | | | | | | |
behabour. as they get older more PKG expressed, they leave the nest and search
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
for nectar.
|
, be able to explain the wynne-edwards model of group selection - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-a level of selection happening on top of normal selection (group | | | | | | | | | | |
selection) |
model to explain how Alturistic genotype could go to fixation and could be stabel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
could occur if little migration happens, and the selfish genotype goes extinct very
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
quickly after fixation this would result in selection for the alturistic genotype.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
group selection does not occur often but it can.
| | | | | | | |
if group selection is possible, why is it probably rare? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
only occurs if migration is rare. indiv selection occurs more quickly and migration
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
is hard to block therefore alturism rarely occurs. too many constraints.
| | | | | | | | | | |
higher density = more group selection
| | | | |
What is an example of a tradeoff? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-if you have. clutch size
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|too large you could end up dying sooner in life before your reproductyl done. so
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
then you have to decide hw to maximize successful offspirng. smaller clutch has
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
less babies but a longer life ot make even more... but you also want to make
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
babies before you die... trade-offs.
| | | |
how does group selection relate to optimal clutch size? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
better for the group to have a smaller clutch size so that there is enough resourcs
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
for everyone. but it is better for the indivdual to hve a larger clutch size to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
maximize fitnss of indiv. | | |
what is the probable reason that clutch sizez in the Lack model ended up lower
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
than expected? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-likley due to even more trade-offs that
| | | | | | | | | | |
Complete Solutions
How are psychology and ethology different? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-psychology
| | | | | | | | |
links what people do to their brain
| | | | | |
ethoogy is animal behavior
| | |
What is behavioural ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a large subdivision of
| | | | | | | | | |
ethology, looks at behaviour, interactions within a populaion and comunity.
| | | | | | | | | |
usually evoluntoary context
| |
Know tinbergens 4 levels of analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--causation: why
| | | | | | | | | |
does an animal act a certain way (cause/physioloigcal mechansim)
| | | | | | | |
-ontongeny (developmental history): why do calls change with development
| | | | | | | |
-function (adaptation): how does this set of behaviours arise? is it adaptive
| | | | | | | | | | |
-phylogeny; how did this trait/behvaiour eveolve?
| | | | |
what are proxmiate questions/mechansims? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | |
what are ultimate questions/mechansims? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | |
know the requirement for natrual selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | |
reproduction
-heritable variation |
,-differential fecundity/survival |
-competition
what forces other than natural selection result in evolutionary change? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selectoin.
| | | | | | |
be able to explain how gene might produce/influence behvaiour - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-differences in behaviour are affected by genes. | | | | | | |
cake analogy:
| |
-change one ingrediant, might drastically change the cake. determined by genes
| | | | | | | | | |
interaction between genetic and envrionmental nfluence make up behaviour.
| | | | | | | | |
look into fly example.
| | |
how do foraging genes affect behaviour in Drosophilia, Apis? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-behaviour can be influenced by different alleles or differences in | | | | | | | | | |
expression:
some flies are sitters, others are rovers (move around)
| | | | | | | |
for R - higher PKG activty in the brain - forager
| | | | | | | | | |
for r - lower PKG activty (recessive)-sitter
| | | | | |
protein produced by the foraging gene is PKG which turns genes on and off by
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
phosphorylating other genes. | | |
Apis (bees) pleiotropy; one gene with multiple expresison
| | | | | | |
bees change their behaviour epdning on how old they are because as they age
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
their gene becomes more expressed. increasing PKG switchs them to a foraging
| | | | | | | | | | | |
behabour. as they get older more PKG expressed, they leave the nest and search
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
for nectar.
|
, be able to explain the wynne-edwards model of group selection - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-a level of selection happening on top of normal selection (group | | | | | | | | | | |
selection) |
model to explain how Alturistic genotype could go to fixation and could be stabel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
could occur if little migration happens, and the selfish genotype goes extinct very
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
quickly after fixation this would result in selection for the alturistic genotype.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
group selection does not occur often but it can.
| | | | | | | |
if group selection is possible, why is it probably rare? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
only occurs if migration is rare. indiv selection occurs more quickly and migration
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
is hard to block therefore alturism rarely occurs. too many constraints.
| | | | | | | | | | |
higher density = more group selection
| | | | |
What is an example of a tradeoff? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-if you have. clutch size
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|too large you could end up dying sooner in life before your reproductyl done. so
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
then you have to decide hw to maximize successful offspirng. smaller clutch has
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
less babies but a longer life ot make even more... but you also want to make
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
babies before you die... trade-offs.
| | | |
how does group selection relate to optimal clutch size? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
better for the group to have a smaller clutch size so that there is enough resourcs
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
for everyone. but it is better for the indivdual to hve a larger clutch size to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
maximize fitnss of indiv. | | |
what is the probable reason that clutch sizez in the Lack model ended up lower
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
than expected? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-likley due to even more trade-offs that
| | | | | | | | | | |
