BPK 105 MIDTERM VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
4 basic survival needs - Answers - - nutrient acquisition
- oxygen
- growth, repair and defense
- stable internal environment
general physiological functions of the 4 basic survival needs - Answers - nutrient
acquisition - digestion, absorption perception, locomotion
oxygen - gas exchange and transport, ventilation
growth repair and defense- cellular metabolism + growth, fighting infection, blood
clotting
stable internal environment - communication, excretion, homeostasis
what are some organ systems - Answers - digestive
senses
muscular
physiology of the cell
immunity
blood
nervous
endocrine
urinary
respiratory
cardivasular
six essential characteristics of life - Answers - organization, metabolism,
responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
how do we keep a stable body temperature through homeostasis - Answers - receptors
in and on our body can detect changes in body temperature
these recpetors send signals sent to the control center (brain) which notify effector
organs to bring the temp back to set point
these signals are sent to our hypothalamus (in our brain) that we are hot (for example)
which will stimulate sweat glands (effectors) to release sweat, the evaporation of sweat
will then cool or body back down. This is a negative feedback loop
set point - Answers - a normal range around which homeostatic variables are
maintained (eg temp or blood pressure)
negative feedback - Answers - the process that regulates homeostatic variables,
reducing variation from set point
covalent bond non polar - Answers - equal sharing of electrons -hydrogen
,covalent bond polar - Answers - unequal sharing - water
chemical reaction - Answers - when chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules or
compounds are formed or broken a chemical reaction has occured
reactants - Answers - substances that enter into a chemical reaction
products - Answers - substances that result from a chemical reaction
enzymes in a reaction - Answers - increase reaction rate by lowering activation energy -
energy needed to start a reaction
- this is called a catalyst
- protein molecules that have a very specific structure, and can only catalyze one type
of reaction
inorganic molecule - Answers - does not contain carbon
anatomy - Answers - The study of body structure
physiology - Answers - The study of body function
cell - Answers - Basic unit of life
tissue - Answers - A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
organ system - Answers - group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function
- groups of organs that come together to perform an even larger function
organization - Answers - orderly structure shown by living things
metabolism - Answers - All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
responsiveness - Answers - Reaction to a change inside or outside the body
differentiation - Answers - process in which cells become specialized in structure and
function
Homeostasis - Answers - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
atom - Answers - Basic unit of matter
chemical bond - Answers - the force that holds two atoms together
, ionic bond - Answers - Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one
atom to another
covalent bond - Answers - A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
molecule - Answers - A group of atoms bonded together
dissociation - Answers - a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and
behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
electrolyte - Answers - An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric
current
chemical reaction - Answers - the process by which one or more substances change to
produce one or more different substances
ATP - Answers - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of
their work
potential energy - Answers - stored energy
reactants - Answers - A starting material in a chemical reaction
products - Answers - The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
equilibrium - Answers - a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
acid - Answers - A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
buffers - Answers - weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to
prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
enzyme - Answers - A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living
thing
carbohydrate - Answers - compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms;
major source of energy for the human body
lipid - Answers - Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
proteins - Answers - Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
4 basic survival needs - Answers - - nutrient acquisition
- oxygen
- growth, repair and defense
- stable internal environment
general physiological functions of the 4 basic survival needs - Answers - nutrient
acquisition - digestion, absorption perception, locomotion
oxygen - gas exchange and transport, ventilation
growth repair and defense- cellular metabolism + growth, fighting infection, blood
clotting
stable internal environment - communication, excretion, homeostasis
what are some organ systems - Answers - digestive
senses
muscular
physiology of the cell
immunity
blood
nervous
endocrine
urinary
respiratory
cardivasular
six essential characteristics of life - Answers - organization, metabolism,
responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
how do we keep a stable body temperature through homeostasis - Answers - receptors
in and on our body can detect changes in body temperature
these recpetors send signals sent to the control center (brain) which notify effector
organs to bring the temp back to set point
these signals are sent to our hypothalamus (in our brain) that we are hot (for example)
which will stimulate sweat glands (effectors) to release sweat, the evaporation of sweat
will then cool or body back down. This is a negative feedback loop
set point - Answers - a normal range around which homeostatic variables are
maintained (eg temp or blood pressure)
negative feedback - Answers - the process that regulates homeostatic variables,
reducing variation from set point
covalent bond non polar - Answers - equal sharing of electrons -hydrogen
,covalent bond polar - Answers - unequal sharing - water
chemical reaction - Answers - when chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules or
compounds are formed or broken a chemical reaction has occured
reactants - Answers - substances that enter into a chemical reaction
products - Answers - substances that result from a chemical reaction
enzymes in a reaction - Answers - increase reaction rate by lowering activation energy -
energy needed to start a reaction
- this is called a catalyst
- protein molecules that have a very specific structure, and can only catalyze one type
of reaction
inorganic molecule - Answers - does not contain carbon
anatomy - Answers - The study of body structure
physiology - Answers - The study of body function
cell - Answers - Basic unit of life
tissue - Answers - A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
organ system - Answers - group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function
- groups of organs that come together to perform an even larger function
organization - Answers - orderly structure shown by living things
metabolism - Answers - All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
responsiveness - Answers - Reaction to a change inside or outside the body
differentiation - Answers - process in which cells become specialized in structure and
function
Homeostasis - Answers - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
atom - Answers - Basic unit of matter
chemical bond - Answers - the force that holds two atoms together
, ionic bond - Answers - Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one
atom to another
covalent bond - Answers - A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
molecule - Answers - A group of atoms bonded together
dissociation - Answers - a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and
behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
electrolyte - Answers - An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric
current
chemical reaction - Answers - the process by which one or more substances change to
produce one or more different substances
ATP - Answers - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of
their work
potential energy - Answers - stored energy
reactants - Answers - A starting material in a chemical reaction
products - Answers - The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
equilibrium - Answers - a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
acid - Answers - A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
buffers - Answers - weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to
prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
enzyme - Answers - A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living
thing
carbohydrate - Answers - compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms;
major source of energy for the human body
lipid - Answers - Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
proteins - Answers - Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
