PANRE Question and answer
Updated 2026
25Ayear-
oldAmaleApresentsAtoAtheAEDAwithAleftAcalfApainAandAcramping,AasAwellAasAnauseaAandAvo
miting.AHeAadmitsAtoA"partyingAwithAcocaineAallAnight".AHeAdescribesAhisAurineAasAaAdark
AbrownAcolor.ASerumAcreatineAkinaseA(CK)AisA1325AIU/LA(NormalARangeA32-
267AIU/L).AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAinitialAmainstayAofAtherapyAforAthisAcondition?
A.AIVArehydration
B.AFasciotomy
C.AToradolA(Ketorlac)
D.AHydrotherapyA-
AAnswerAA.AIVArehydrationAwithAcrystalloidsAforA24AtoA72AhoursAisAtheAmainstayAofAthera
pyAforArhabdomyolysis.
28Ayear-
oldAmaleApresentsAwithAburnsAsustainedAfromAhotAgreaseAsplashedAonAhisAleftAhandAearlie
rAthisAafternoon.ATheAburnAextendsAfromAhisApalmAtoAtheAvolarAaspectAofAhisAwristAandAh
asAanAerythematousAbase,AcoveredAbyAanAintactAblister.AThereAareAaAfewAsmallAscatteredAb
listersAoverAtheAdorsumAofAtheAleftAhand.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAinitialAinterventio
nAofAchoice?
A.ATetanusAprophylaxis
B.AAdmissionAtoAaAburnAunit
C.AIntravenousAfluidAadministration
D.ADebridementAofAblistersA-
AAnswerAA.ATetanusAprophylaxisAshouldAbeAinitiallyAconsideredAinAallAburnApatients.
45Ayear-
oldAtypeA2AdiabeticAfemaleAwithAhistoryAofAcholelithiasisApresentsAtoAtheAclinicAwithA2-
3AepisodesAofAsudden,AsevereAepigastricApainAthatAradiatesAtoAherAshoulder.ASheAhasAassoc
iatedAnauseaAandAvomiting.ATemperatureAisA101AdegreesAFAandAsheAisAexperiencingAchills.
ATodayAherAeyesAappearAyellowAinAcolor.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagn
osisAforAthisApatient?
A.APostcholecystectomyAsyndromeA
B.ACholangitis
C.AGastroesophagealArefluxAdisease
D.APancreaticAcancerA-
AAnswerAB.ACholangitisAisAcharacterizedAbyAaAhistoryAofAbiliaryApain,Afever,Achills,AandAja
undiceAassociatedAwithAepisodesAofAabdominalApain.
,52Ayear-
oldAmaleAwithAhistoryAofAhypertensionAandAhyperlipidemiaApresentsAwithAanAacuteAmyocard
ialAinfarction.AUrgentAcardiacAcatheterizationAisAperformedAandAshowsAaA90%AocclusionAofA
theAleftAanteriorAdescendingAartery.ATheAotherAarteriesAhaveAminimalAdisease.AEjectionAfract
ionAisA45%.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAtreatmentAofAchoiceAinAthisApatient?
A.ACoronaryAarteryAbypassAgraftingA(CABG)
B.AStreptokinase
C.APercutaneousAcoronaryAinterventionA(PCI)
D.AWarfarinA(Coumadin)A-
AAnswerAC.AImmediateAcoronaryAangiographyAandAprimaryApercutaneousAcoronaryAinterventi
onAhaveAbeenAshownAtoAbeAsuperiorAtoAthrombolysis
78Ayear-
oldAmaleAwithAhistoryAofAcoronaryAarteryAdiseaseAstatusApostACABGAandAischemicAcardiomy
opathyApresentsAwithAcomplaintAofAprogressiveAdyspneaAandAorthopnea.AHeAalsoAcomplains
AofAlowerAextremityAedema.ATheApatientAdeniesAfever,AchestApain,AorAcough.AOnAphysicalAe
xamination,AvitalAsignsAareABPA120/68,AHRA75AandAregular,ARRA22,Aafebrile.AYouAnoteAth
eApatientAtoAhaveAanAS3AheartAsound,AjugularAvenousAdistention,AandA2+AlowerAextremity
Aedema.ATheApatientAisAadmittedAandAtreated.AUponAdischargeAfromAtheAhospital,AtheApatie
ntAshouldAbeAeducatedAtoAmonitorAwhichAofAtheAfollowingAatAhome?
A.ADailyAweights
B.ADailyAspirometry
C.ADailyAbloodAglucose
D.ADailyAfatAintakeA-
AAnswerAA.AHomeAmonitoringAofAdailyAweightsAcanAalertAtheAhealthAcareAproviderAtoAtheA
earlyArecognitionAofAworseningAheartAfailure.
AA12-year-
oldAboyApresentsAtoAtheAofficeAwithApainAinAhisAlegsAwithAactivityAgraduallyAbecomingAwor
seAoverAtheApastAmonth.AHeAisAunableAtoArideAaAbicycleAwithAhisAfriendsAdueAtoAtheApain
AinAhisAlegs.AExaminationAofAtheAheartArevealsAanAejectionAclickAandAaccentuationAofAtheAs
econdAheartAsound.AFemoralApulsesAareAweakAandAdelayedAcomparedAtoAtheAbrachialApulse
s.ABloodApressureAobtainedAinAbothAarmsAisAelevated.AChestAx-
rayArevealsAribAnotching.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?
A.AabdominalAaorticAaneurysm
B.Apheochromocytoma
C.AcoarctationAofAtheAaorta
,D.AthoracicAoutletAsyndromeA-
AAnswerAC.ACoarctationAisAaAdiscreteAorAlongAsegmentAofAnarrowingAadjacentAtoAtheAleftAs
ubclavianAartery.AAsAa
resultAofAtheAcoarctation,AsystemicAcollateralsAdevelop.AX-
rayAfindingsAoccurAfromAtheAdilatedAandApulsatile
intercostalAarteriesAandAtheA"3"isAdueAtoAtheAcoarctationAsiteAwithAproximalAandAdistalAdil
ations.
AA14-year-
oldAgirlApresentsAwithArightAthighApainAthatAhasAbeenAgoingAonAforAtheAlastAmonth.ASheAr
ecallsAbeingAkickedAinAtheAlegAduringAsoccerApracticeAbeforeAherAsymptomsAstarted.ASheAw
asAlastAseenAinAtheAEDAtwoAweeksAagoAandAwasAdiagnosedAwithAaAmuscleAcontusion.AOnA
examAthereAisAaAmassApalpableAoverAtheAanteriorAdistalAthigh.AX-
rayAofAtheAfemurAshowsAaAdistalAfemoralAdiaphysealAlesionAwithAcorticalAdestructionAandAp
eriostealAreactionAwithAhighAsuspicionAforAosteosarcoma.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtrueAre
gardingAthisAdisease?
BluntAtraumaAisAassociatedAwithAtheApathogenesisAofAosteosarcoma
IonizingAradiationAforAchildhoodAcancerAisAaAriskAfactorAforAosteosarcoma
OsteosarcomaAmostAoftenAinvolvesAtheAaxialAskeletonAfollowedAbyAtheAlongAbones
PathologicAfractureAisAaAcommonApresentingAsignA-
AAnswerAIonizingAradiationAforAchildhoodAcancerAisAaAriskAfactorAforAosteosarcoma
OsteosarcomaAisAtheAmostAcommonAprimaryAmalignancyAofAtheAbone.AItApresentsAinAaAbim
odalAageAdistributionAwithApeaksAinAearlyAadolescenceAandAinAadultsAoverAtheAageAofA65.A
TheAmostAcommonApresentingAsymptomsAareApainAandAswellingAinAtheAaffectedAarea.APlain
AradiographsAtypicallyAshowAaAmixedAradiodenseAandAlyticAlesionAarisingAfromAtheAmetaph
ysealAbone.A"Codman'sAtriangle"AorAelevationAofAtheAperiosteumAofAtheAboneAatAtheAperiph
eryAofAtheAtumorAisAaAclassicAbutAnon-
specificAfeature.ATheAuseAofAionizingAradiationAforAtreatmentAofAchildhoodAsolidAcancersAisA
wellAimplicatedAinAtheAdevelopmentAofAsecondaryAcancers,AwithAosteosarcomaAmostAoftenApr
esentingAwithinAtwoAdecadesAfollowingAtreatment.AOtherAriskAfactorsAincludingAPagetAdiseas
eAinAtheAadultApopulationAandAgeneticAdiseasesApredisposingAtoAaAvarietyAofAmalignancies,
AforAexampleAretinoblastoma.
AA14-year-
oldAisAexperiencingAaAsevereAasthmaAattack.AAlthoughAheAisAusingAaccessoryAmusclesAtoAbr
, eath,AauscultationAofAhisAchestArevealsAnoAaudibleAwheezing.AHisAheartArateAisA160AandAhi
sArespiratoryArateAisA52.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAarterialAbloodAgasesArepresentsAtheAworst
Aprognosis?
A.ApHA=A7.52;ApC02A=A28;Ap02A=A80
B.ApHA=A7.44;ApC02A=A38;Ap02A=A70
C.ApHA=A7.60;ApC02A=A18;Ap02A=A60
D.ApH=A7.40;ApC02A=A40;Ap02A=A60
E.ApHA=A7.27;ApC02A-A62;Ap02A=A64A-AAnswerApHA=A7.27;ApC02A-A62;Ap02A=A64
ThisApatientAhasAaArespiratoryArateAofA52.AIfAsheAisAventilating,AsheAisAblowingAoffAC02A(
anAacid)AandAwouldAbeAalkaloticAandAshouldAhaveAaAlowAC02.AAApHAwhichAisAacidicAwithA
aApC02AwhichAisAelevatedAmeansAthatAsheAisAnoAlongerAventilatingAatAallA(sheAneedsAmech
anicalAventilationAorAsheAwillAdie)
AA16-year-
oldAboyAisAinAclinicAbecauseAofAaArash.AHeAnoticedAanAitchyArashAonAhisAabdomenAthatAis
AcloseAtoAhisAumbilicus.AHeAisAaApreviouslyAhealthyAboyAandAisAnotAonAanyAmedications.A
OnAphysicalAexaminationAvitalAsignsAareAnormal.AOnAskinAexaminationAthereAisAaAwell-
demarcatedAandApruriticAareaAatAtheAsubumbilicalAregionAwithAweepingAandAvesiculation.AW
hichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?A-AAnswerAAllergicAcontactAdermatitis
A
TheAboyAhasAfindingsAthatAareAsuspiciousAforAallergicAcontactAdermatitisAfromAtheAnickelAof
AtheAmetalAfastenersAofAhisApants.AAllergicAcontactAdermatitisAisAanAacquired,Ainflammatory
AreactionAofAtheAskinAthatArequiresAabsorptionAofAantigenAfromAtheAskinAsurfaceAandArecru
itmentAofApreviouslyAsensitized,Aantigen-
specificATAlymphocytesAintoAtheAskin.AAnAintactAimmuneAsystemAisArequiredAforAtheAdevelop
mentAofAallergicAcontactAdermatitis,AwhichAoccursAinAtwoAphases:AtheAsensitizationAphaseAa
ndAtheAelicitationAphase.AContactAallergensAareAfoundAinAbothAtheAnaturalAandAman-
madeAenvironment.ATheAmostAcommonAcontactAallergenAisAurushiol,AaApentadecylcatecholAfo
undAinAplantsAofAtheAToxicodendronAspecies,AsuchAasApoisonAivy,ApoisonAoak,AandApoisonA
sumac.AOtherAcommonAchildhoodAcontactAallergensAinAtheAUnitedAStatesAandAEuropeAinclude
AmetalsAsuchAasAnickel,Acobalt,AandApotassiumAdichromate.AAcuteAallergicAcontactAdermatitis
AlesionsAconsistAofAerythematous,Aindurated,AscalyAplaques.AVesiculationAandAbullaeAmayAb
eAseenAinAsevereAcases.AEdemaAmayAbeAprominentAinAareasAinAwhichAtheAskinAisAthin.ARe
peatedAorAcontinuedAexposureAtoAallergensAresultsAinAchronicAdisease.ATheAskinAbecomesAdr
y,Ascaly,AandAthickerAasAaAresultAofAacanthosis,Ahyperkeratosis,Aedema,AandAcellularAinfiltr
ationAinAtheAdermis.ALichenificationAandAfissuringAmayAdevelopAlater.ASecondaryAchangesAin
cludeAexcoriationAorAimpetiginization.AAAhistoryAofAallergenAexposureAandAtheApatternAofAt
heAeruptionAareAimportantAfactorsAinAmakingAtheAcorrectAdiagnosis.APatternsAofAdermatitisA
thatAareAsuggestiveAofAallergicAcontactAdermatitisAincludeApersistent,AlocalizedAdermatitisAth
Updated 2026
25Ayear-
oldAmaleApresentsAtoAtheAEDAwithAleftAcalfApainAandAcramping,AasAwellAasAnauseaAandAvo
miting.AHeAadmitsAtoA"partyingAwithAcocaineAallAnight".AHeAdescribesAhisAurineAasAaAdark
AbrownAcolor.ASerumAcreatineAkinaseA(CK)AisA1325AIU/LA(NormalARangeA32-
267AIU/L).AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAinitialAmainstayAofAtherapyAforAthisAcondition?
A.AIVArehydration
B.AFasciotomy
C.AToradolA(Ketorlac)
D.AHydrotherapyA-
AAnswerAA.AIVArehydrationAwithAcrystalloidsAforA24AtoA72AhoursAisAtheAmainstayAofAthera
pyAforArhabdomyolysis.
28Ayear-
oldAmaleApresentsAwithAburnsAsustainedAfromAhotAgreaseAsplashedAonAhisAleftAhandAearlie
rAthisAafternoon.ATheAburnAextendsAfromAhisApalmAtoAtheAvolarAaspectAofAhisAwristAandAh
asAanAerythematousAbase,AcoveredAbyAanAintactAblister.AThereAareAaAfewAsmallAscatteredAb
listersAoverAtheAdorsumAofAtheAleftAhand.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAinitialAinterventio
nAofAchoice?
A.ATetanusAprophylaxis
B.AAdmissionAtoAaAburnAunit
C.AIntravenousAfluidAadministration
D.ADebridementAofAblistersA-
AAnswerAA.ATetanusAprophylaxisAshouldAbeAinitiallyAconsideredAinAallAburnApatients.
45Ayear-
oldAtypeA2AdiabeticAfemaleAwithAhistoryAofAcholelithiasisApresentsAtoAtheAclinicAwithA2-
3AepisodesAofAsudden,AsevereAepigastricApainAthatAradiatesAtoAherAshoulder.ASheAhasAassoc
iatedAnauseaAandAvomiting.ATemperatureAisA101AdegreesAFAandAsheAisAexperiencingAchills.
ATodayAherAeyesAappearAyellowAinAcolor.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagn
osisAforAthisApatient?
A.APostcholecystectomyAsyndromeA
B.ACholangitis
C.AGastroesophagealArefluxAdisease
D.APancreaticAcancerA-
AAnswerAB.ACholangitisAisAcharacterizedAbyAaAhistoryAofAbiliaryApain,Afever,Achills,AandAja
undiceAassociatedAwithAepisodesAofAabdominalApain.
,52Ayear-
oldAmaleAwithAhistoryAofAhypertensionAandAhyperlipidemiaApresentsAwithAanAacuteAmyocard
ialAinfarction.AUrgentAcardiacAcatheterizationAisAperformedAandAshowsAaA90%AocclusionAofA
theAleftAanteriorAdescendingAartery.ATheAotherAarteriesAhaveAminimalAdisease.AEjectionAfract
ionAisA45%.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAtreatmentAofAchoiceAinAthisApatient?
A.ACoronaryAarteryAbypassAgraftingA(CABG)
B.AStreptokinase
C.APercutaneousAcoronaryAinterventionA(PCI)
D.AWarfarinA(Coumadin)A-
AAnswerAC.AImmediateAcoronaryAangiographyAandAprimaryApercutaneousAcoronaryAinterventi
onAhaveAbeenAshownAtoAbeAsuperiorAtoAthrombolysis
78Ayear-
oldAmaleAwithAhistoryAofAcoronaryAarteryAdiseaseAstatusApostACABGAandAischemicAcardiomy
opathyApresentsAwithAcomplaintAofAprogressiveAdyspneaAandAorthopnea.AHeAalsoAcomplains
AofAlowerAextremityAedema.ATheApatientAdeniesAfever,AchestApain,AorAcough.AOnAphysicalAe
xamination,AvitalAsignsAareABPA120/68,AHRA75AandAregular,ARRA22,Aafebrile.AYouAnoteAth
eApatientAtoAhaveAanAS3AheartAsound,AjugularAvenousAdistention,AandA2+AlowerAextremity
Aedema.ATheApatientAisAadmittedAandAtreated.AUponAdischargeAfromAtheAhospital,AtheApatie
ntAshouldAbeAeducatedAtoAmonitorAwhichAofAtheAfollowingAatAhome?
A.ADailyAweights
B.ADailyAspirometry
C.ADailyAbloodAglucose
D.ADailyAfatAintakeA-
AAnswerAA.AHomeAmonitoringAofAdailyAweightsAcanAalertAtheAhealthAcareAproviderAtoAtheA
earlyArecognitionAofAworseningAheartAfailure.
AA12-year-
oldAboyApresentsAtoAtheAofficeAwithApainAinAhisAlegsAwithAactivityAgraduallyAbecomingAwor
seAoverAtheApastAmonth.AHeAisAunableAtoArideAaAbicycleAwithAhisAfriendsAdueAtoAtheApain
AinAhisAlegs.AExaminationAofAtheAheartArevealsAanAejectionAclickAandAaccentuationAofAtheAs
econdAheartAsound.AFemoralApulsesAareAweakAandAdelayedAcomparedAtoAtheAbrachialApulse
s.ABloodApressureAobtainedAinAbothAarmsAisAelevated.AChestAx-
rayArevealsAribAnotching.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?
A.AabdominalAaorticAaneurysm
B.Apheochromocytoma
C.AcoarctationAofAtheAaorta
,D.AthoracicAoutletAsyndromeA-
AAnswerAC.ACoarctationAisAaAdiscreteAorAlongAsegmentAofAnarrowingAadjacentAtoAtheAleftAs
ubclavianAartery.AAsAa
resultAofAtheAcoarctation,AsystemicAcollateralsAdevelop.AX-
rayAfindingsAoccurAfromAtheAdilatedAandApulsatile
intercostalAarteriesAandAtheA"3"isAdueAtoAtheAcoarctationAsiteAwithAproximalAandAdistalAdil
ations.
AA14-year-
oldAgirlApresentsAwithArightAthighApainAthatAhasAbeenAgoingAonAforAtheAlastAmonth.ASheAr
ecallsAbeingAkickedAinAtheAlegAduringAsoccerApracticeAbeforeAherAsymptomsAstarted.ASheAw
asAlastAseenAinAtheAEDAtwoAweeksAagoAandAwasAdiagnosedAwithAaAmuscleAcontusion.AOnA
examAthereAisAaAmassApalpableAoverAtheAanteriorAdistalAthigh.AX-
rayAofAtheAfemurAshowsAaAdistalAfemoralAdiaphysealAlesionAwithAcorticalAdestructionAandAp
eriostealAreactionAwithAhighAsuspicionAforAosteosarcoma.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtrueAre
gardingAthisAdisease?
BluntAtraumaAisAassociatedAwithAtheApathogenesisAofAosteosarcoma
IonizingAradiationAforAchildhoodAcancerAisAaAriskAfactorAforAosteosarcoma
OsteosarcomaAmostAoftenAinvolvesAtheAaxialAskeletonAfollowedAbyAtheAlongAbones
PathologicAfractureAisAaAcommonApresentingAsignA-
AAnswerAIonizingAradiationAforAchildhoodAcancerAisAaAriskAfactorAforAosteosarcoma
OsteosarcomaAisAtheAmostAcommonAprimaryAmalignancyAofAtheAbone.AItApresentsAinAaAbim
odalAageAdistributionAwithApeaksAinAearlyAadolescenceAandAinAadultsAoverAtheAageAofA65.A
TheAmostAcommonApresentingAsymptomsAareApainAandAswellingAinAtheAaffectedAarea.APlain
AradiographsAtypicallyAshowAaAmixedAradiodenseAandAlyticAlesionAarisingAfromAtheAmetaph
ysealAbone.A"Codman'sAtriangle"AorAelevationAofAtheAperiosteumAofAtheAboneAatAtheAperiph
eryAofAtheAtumorAisAaAclassicAbutAnon-
specificAfeature.ATheAuseAofAionizingAradiationAforAtreatmentAofAchildhoodAsolidAcancersAisA
wellAimplicatedAinAtheAdevelopmentAofAsecondaryAcancers,AwithAosteosarcomaAmostAoftenApr
esentingAwithinAtwoAdecadesAfollowingAtreatment.AOtherAriskAfactorsAincludingAPagetAdiseas
eAinAtheAadultApopulationAandAgeneticAdiseasesApredisposingAtoAaAvarietyAofAmalignancies,
AforAexampleAretinoblastoma.
AA14-year-
oldAisAexperiencingAaAsevereAasthmaAattack.AAlthoughAheAisAusingAaccessoryAmusclesAtoAbr
, eath,AauscultationAofAhisAchestArevealsAnoAaudibleAwheezing.AHisAheartArateAisA160AandAhi
sArespiratoryArateAisA52.AWhichAofAtheAfollowingAarterialAbloodAgasesArepresentsAtheAworst
Aprognosis?
A.ApHA=A7.52;ApC02A=A28;Ap02A=A80
B.ApHA=A7.44;ApC02A=A38;Ap02A=A70
C.ApHA=A7.60;ApC02A=A18;Ap02A=A60
D.ApH=A7.40;ApC02A=A40;Ap02A=A60
E.ApHA=A7.27;ApC02A-A62;Ap02A=A64A-AAnswerApHA=A7.27;ApC02A-A62;Ap02A=A64
ThisApatientAhasAaArespiratoryArateAofA52.AIfAsheAisAventilating,AsheAisAblowingAoffAC02A(
anAacid)AandAwouldAbeAalkaloticAandAshouldAhaveAaAlowAC02.AAApHAwhichAisAacidicAwithA
aApC02AwhichAisAelevatedAmeansAthatAsheAisAnoAlongerAventilatingAatAallA(sheAneedsAmech
anicalAventilationAorAsheAwillAdie)
AA16-year-
oldAboyAisAinAclinicAbecauseAofAaArash.AHeAnoticedAanAitchyArashAonAhisAabdomenAthatAis
AcloseAtoAhisAumbilicus.AHeAisAaApreviouslyAhealthyAboyAandAisAnotAonAanyAmedications.A
OnAphysicalAexaminationAvitalAsignsAareAnormal.AOnAskinAexaminationAthereAisAaAwell-
demarcatedAandApruriticAareaAatAtheAsubumbilicalAregionAwithAweepingAandAvesiculation.AW
hichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiagnosis?A-AAnswerAAllergicAcontactAdermatitis
A
TheAboyAhasAfindingsAthatAareAsuspiciousAforAallergicAcontactAdermatitisAfromAtheAnickelAof
AtheAmetalAfastenersAofAhisApants.AAllergicAcontactAdermatitisAisAanAacquired,Ainflammatory
AreactionAofAtheAskinAthatArequiresAabsorptionAofAantigenAfromAtheAskinAsurfaceAandArecru
itmentAofApreviouslyAsensitized,Aantigen-
specificATAlymphocytesAintoAtheAskin.AAnAintactAimmuneAsystemAisArequiredAforAtheAdevelop
mentAofAallergicAcontactAdermatitis,AwhichAoccursAinAtwoAphases:AtheAsensitizationAphaseAa
ndAtheAelicitationAphase.AContactAallergensAareAfoundAinAbothAtheAnaturalAandAman-
madeAenvironment.ATheAmostAcommonAcontactAallergenAisAurushiol,AaApentadecylcatecholAfo
undAinAplantsAofAtheAToxicodendronAspecies,AsuchAasApoisonAivy,ApoisonAoak,AandApoisonA
sumac.AOtherAcommonAchildhoodAcontactAallergensAinAtheAUnitedAStatesAandAEuropeAinclude
AmetalsAsuchAasAnickel,Acobalt,AandApotassiumAdichromate.AAcuteAallergicAcontactAdermatitis
AlesionsAconsistAofAerythematous,Aindurated,AscalyAplaques.AVesiculationAandAbullaeAmayAb
eAseenAinAsevereAcases.AEdemaAmayAbeAprominentAinAareasAinAwhichAtheAskinAisAthin.ARe
peatedAorAcontinuedAexposureAtoAallergensAresultsAinAchronicAdisease.ATheAskinAbecomesAdr
y,Ascaly,AandAthickerAasAaAresultAofAacanthosis,Ahyperkeratosis,Aedema,AandAcellularAinfiltr
ationAinAtheAdermis.ALichenificationAandAfissuringAmayAdevelopAlater.ASecondaryAchangesAin
cludeAexcoriationAorAimpetiginization.AAAhistoryAofAallergenAexposureAandAtheApatternAofAt
heAeruptionAareAimportantAfactorsAinAmakingAtheAcorrectAdiagnosis.APatternsAofAdermatitisA
thatAareAsuggestiveAofAallergicAcontactAdermatitisAincludeApersistent,AlocalizedAdermatitisAth
