ASWB COMPREHENSIVE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔6-12 years
develop a sense of pride in accomplishments, if encouraged they feel industrious
✔✔identity vs. role confusion - ✔✔Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young
adults search for and become their true selves
✔✔intimacy vs isolation - ✔✔Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal
relationships, marry, begin families
✔✔generativity vs stagnation - ✔✔middle adulthood, establish careers, begin families,
being a part of the bigger picture
✔✔ego integrity vs despair - ✔✔65+
during later life-has one led a satisfied life
✔✔Learning Theory- Behaviorist - ✔✔(Pavlov, Skinner)
learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external
environment are the locus of learning
✔✔Learning Theory- Cognitive - ✔✔(Piaget)
learning is viewed through internal learning processes and locus of learning is internal
cognitive structures
✔✔Learning Theory- Humanistic - ✔✔(Maslow)
learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching his or her full potential
✔✔Learning Theory- Social/ Situational - ✔✔(Bandura)
learning is obtained between people and their environment and their interactions and
observations in social contexts
✔✔Respondent or classical conditioning - ✔✔(Pavlov)
learning occurs as a result of pairing neutral stimulus to unconditional stimulus so
conditioned stimulus elicits a response
pavlovs dogs
, ✔✔operant conditioning - ✔✔a method of influencing behavior by rewarding desired
behaviors and punishing undesired ones
✔✔in vivo desensitization - ✔✔brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation
or event
✔✔positive reinforcement - ✔✔increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers
✔✔negative reinforcement - ✔✔increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative
stimuli (remove shock)
✔✔positive punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring (hitting, shocking)
✔✔negative punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring (no dessert)
✔✔Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ✔✔physiological, safety, love/belonging (social),
esteem, self-actualization
✔✔attachment theory - ✔✔John Bowlby
the idea that relationship styles are influenced by the quality of the early parent-child
bond
✔✔Authoritarian - ✔✔Parents impose rules and expect obedience
✔✔authoritative - ✔✔Commanding and self-confident; likely to be respected and
obeyed, based on competent authority
✔✔permissive parenting - ✔✔style of parenting in which parent makes few, if any
demands on a child's behavior
✔✔uninvolved parenting - ✔✔provides neither warmth nor control
✔✔Equifinality (systems theory) - ✔✔Arriving at the same end from different beginnings
✔✔double bind communication - ✔✔the practice of transmitting conflicting messages
that was thought to cause schizophrenia
✔✔Metacommunication - ✔✔context within which to interpret the content of the
message
✔✔manifest content - ✔✔concrete terms contained in a communication
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔6-12 years
develop a sense of pride in accomplishments, if encouraged they feel industrious
✔✔identity vs. role confusion - ✔✔Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young
adults search for and become their true selves
✔✔intimacy vs isolation - ✔✔Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal
relationships, marry, begin families
✔✔generativity vs stagnation - ✔✔middle adulthood, establish careers, begin families,
being a part of the bigger picture
✔✔ego integrity vs despair - ✔✔65+
during later life-has one led a satisfied life
✔✔Learning Theory- Behaviorist - ✔✔(Pavlov, Skinner)
learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external
environment are the locus of learning
✔✔Learning Theory- Cognitive - ✔✔(Piaget)
learning is viewed through internal learning processes and locus of learning is internal
cognitive structures
✔✔Learning Theory- Humanistic - ✔✔(Maslow)
learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching his or her full potential
✔✔Learning Theory- Social/ Situational - ✔✔(Bandura)
learning is obtained between people and their environment and their interactions and
observations in social contexts
✔✔Respondent or classical conditioning - ✔✔(Pavlov)
learning occurs as a result of pairing neutral stimulus to unconditional stimulus so
conditioned stimulus elicits a response
pavlovs dogs
, ✔✔operant conditioning - ✔✔a method of influencing behavior by rewarding desired
behaviors and punishing undesired ones
✔✔in vivo desensitization - ✔✔brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation
or event
✔✔positive reinforcement - ✔✔increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers
✔✔negative reinforcement - ✔✔increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative
stimuli (remove shock)
✔✔positive punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring (hitting, shocking)
✔✔negative punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring (no dessert)
✔✔Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ✔✔physiological, safety, love/belonging (social),
esteem, self-actualization
✔✔attachment theory - ✔✔John Bowlby
the idea that relationship styles are influenced by the quality of the early parent-child
bond
✔✔Authoritarian - ✔✔Parents impose rules and expect obedience
✔✔authoritative - ✔✔Commanding and self-confident; likely to be respected and
obeyed, based on competent authority
✔✔permissive parenting - ✔✔style of parenting in which parent makes few, if any
demands on a child's behavior
✔✔uninvolved parenting - ✔✔provides neither warmth nor control
✔✔Equifinality (systems theory) - ✔✔Arriving at the same end from different beginnings
✔✔double bind communication - ✔✔the practice of transmitting conflicting messages
that was thought to cause schizophrenia
✔✔Metacommunication - ✔✔context within which to interpret the content of the
message
✔✔manifest content - ✔✔concrete terms contained in a communication
