CASAC LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Genogram - ✔✔A pictorial representation of family structure, using a least three
generations and a standard set of symbols.
✔✔DSM-IV-TR - ✔✔Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000).
✔✔Axis I - ✔✔Contains 16 categories of clinical disorders, one of which is Substance
Related Disorders.
✔✔Substance Related Disorders - ✔✔This category of clinical disorders in Axis I of the
DSM IV-TR includes both Substance Use Disorders and Substance Induced Disorders.
✔✔Substance Use Disorders - ✔✔This sub-category of Substance Related Disorders
includes both Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence.
✔✔Substance Induced Disorders - ✔✔These Axis I disorders are a sub-category of
Substance Related Disorders and can include Substance Intoxication and Substance
Withdrawal, Substance induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnesic
disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction
disorder, and sleep disorder.
✔✔Axis II - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV- TR includes the personality disorders as well as
mental retardation.
✔✔Cluster A - ✔✔Axis II disorders that feature odd, eccentric, isolative, or suspicious
behavior. They include Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders.
✔✔Cluster B - ✔✔Axis II disorders that often co-occur with substance abuse and
dependence, and are characterized by dramatic, emotional, erratic, or impulsive
behavior, or a reduced capacity for empathy. They include Antisocial Personality
Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder and
Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
✔✔Antisocial Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
✔✔Borderline Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over
inpulses. Features may include frantic attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment,
impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging, chronic feelings of emptiness.
, ✔✔Histrionic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, often with provocative dress.
✔✔Narcissistic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
✔✔Cluster C - ✔✔These Axis II personality disorders feature anxious, fearful, and
perfectionistic behavior. They are the Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive
personality disorders.
✔✔Axis IV - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV - TR contains nine psychosocial and
environmental problems that may affect the client's diagnosis, treatment and prognosis,
including primary support group, social environment, educational, occupational, housing
, economic, healthcare access, legal system/criminal, and other.
✔✔Axis V - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV -TR is the Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) scale, which assigns a number from 1 to 100 to the counselor's judgement of the
client's overall level of psychological, social and occupational functioning.
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least one of the four following
criteria occurring within a 12- month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a
failure to fulfill major obligations at home, school or work, recurrent substance use in
situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance use legal problems,
and continued substance use despite having persistent or recurring problems caused or
exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
✔✔Substance Dependence - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following
7 criteria: tolerance, withdrawal, increased dose or dosing for longer periods of time,
attempts to cut down unsuccessfully, time spent obtaining, using, recovering from use,
important social, occupational and recreational activities given up or reduced because
of use, physical or psychological problems caused or exacerbated by continued use.
✔✔Physiological Dependence - ✔✔Indicated by whether tolerance and withdrawal are
present.
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔Defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts of the
substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with
continued use of the same amount of the substance.
✔✔Withdrawal - ✔✔Defined by either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the
substance or the same or a closely related substance being taken to relieve or avoid
withdrawal symptoms.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Genogram - ✔✔A pictorial representation of family structure, using a least three
generations and a standard set of symbols.
✔✔DSM-IV-TR - ✔✔Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000).
✔✔Axis I - ✔✔Contains 16 categories of clinical disorders, one of which is Substance
Related Disorders.
✔✔Substance Related Disorders - ✔✔This category of clinical disorders in Axis I of the
DSM IV-TR includes both Substance Use Disorders and Substance Induced Disorders.
✔✔Substance Use Disorders - ✔✔This sub-category of Substance Related Disorders
includes both Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence.
✔✔Substance Induced Disorders - ✔✔These Axis I disorders are a sub-category of
Substance Related Disorders and can include Substance Intoxication and Substance
Withdrawal, Substance induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnesic
disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction
disorder, and sleep disorder.
✔✔Axis II - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV- TR includes the personality disorders as well as
mental retardation.
✔✔Cluster A - ✔✔Axis II disorders that feature odd, eccentric, isolative, or suspicious
behavior. They include Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders.
✔✔Cluster B - ✔✔Axis II disorders that often co-occur with substance abuse and
dependence, and are characterized by dramatic, emotional, erratic, or impulsive
behavior, or a reduced capacity for empathy. They include Antisocial Personality
Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder and
Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
✔✔Antisocial Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
✔✔Borderline Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over
inpulses. Features may include frantic attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment,
impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging, chronic feelings of emptiness.
, ✔✔Histrionic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, often with provocative dress.
✔✔Narcissistic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
✔✔Cluster C - ✔✔These Axis II personality disorders feature anxious, fearful, and
perfectionistic behavior. They are the Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive
personality disorders.
✔✔Axis IV - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV - TR contains nine psychosocial and
environmental problems that may affect the client's diagnosis, treatment and prognosis,
including primary support group, social environment, educational, occupational, housing
, economic, healthcare access, legal system/criminal, and other.
✔✔Axis V - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV -TR is the Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) scale, which assigns a number from 1 to 100 to the counselor's judgement of the
client's overall level of psychological, social and occupational functioning.
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least one of the four following
criteria occurring within a 12- month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a
failure to fulfill major obligations at home, school or work, recurrent substance use in
situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance use legal problems,
and continued substance use despite having persistent or recurring problems caused or
exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
✔✔Substance Dependence - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following
7 criteria: tolerance, withdrawal, increased dose or dosing for longer periods of time,
attempts to cut down unsuccessfully, time spent obtaining, using, recovering from use,
important social, occupational and recreational activities given up or reduced because
of use, physical or psychological problems caused or exacerbated by continued use.
✔✔Physiological Dependence - ✔✔Indicated by whether tolerance and withdrawal are
present.
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔Defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts of the
substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with
continued use of the same amount of the substance.
✔✔Withdrawal - ✔✔Defined by either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the
substance or the same or a closely related substance being taken to relieve or avoid
withdrawal symptoms.
