CWB LEVEL 2 MAIN EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which of the following classes of steel is fully-deoxidized and has a large shrinkage
cavity or "pipe" at the top?
(A) Rimmed
(B) Semi-killed
(C) Killed - ✔✔(C) Killed
✔✔Below 723° Celsius, what grain structure does steel have?
(A) FCC
(B) BCC - ✔✔(B) BCC
✔✔What is the difference between normalizing and annealing? - ✔✔Normalizing is air-
cooled;
Annealing is furnace-cooled
✔✔Which structure is more densely-packed - FCC or BCC? - ✔✔FCC
✔✔Which of the following welding techniques involves higher energy input?
(A) weaving technique
(B) depositing stringer beads - ✔✔(A) weaving technique
✔✔Centerline solidification cracking is most likely caused by welding speed that is:
(A) too high
(B) too slow - ✔✔(A) too high
✔✔What type of flux does NOT easily transfer oxygen to the weld metal?
(A) Fused
(B) Rutile
(C) Basic
(D) Alkaline - ✔✔(C) Basic
✔✔Does low-carbon steel undergo any major changes to its microstructure when given
a stress-relief treatment at 625° Celsius? - ✔✔No - it would need to reach 723°Celsius
✔✔A "controlled thermal severity" test (CTS) uses which type of weld?
(A) fillet
,(B) groove - ✔✔(A) fillet
✔✔Another term for weld fault is:
(A) discontinuity
(B) defect - ✔✔(B) defect
✔✔Is an incorrect root opening a dimensional fault or a structural fault? -
✔✔Dimensional fault
✔✔Is overlap a dimensional fault or a structural fault? - ✔✔Structural fault
✔✔in CSA Standard W59 and AWS D1.1, what is the workmanship tolerance for a
groove angle? - ✔✔+10°
-5°
✔✔Solidification cracks are __________ in direction.
(A) transverse
(B) longitudinal - ✔✔(B) longitudinal
✔✔Cold cracking forms at temperatures generally below _____° C. - ✔✔100° C
✔✔During the generation of X-rays, what percentage of the energy produced (from
electron interaction in the material) is in the form of:
Heat: _____%
X-rays: _____% - ✔✔Heat: 99%
X-rays: 1%
✔✔Which has a longer wavelength?
(A) radiation from Co-60
(B) radiation from Ir-192 - ✔✔(B) radiation from Ir-192
✔✔In general, construction codes will specify a penetrameter to be ______% of the
material's thickness. - ✔✔2%
✔✔What are the two basic types of penetrant dyes? - ✔✔Visible and Fluorescent
✔✔What are the three ways a load can act on a cross-sectional area in a body?
[Hint: Think types/directions of applied stress] - ✔✔(1) Tension (pulling apart)
, (2) Compression (pressing down)
(3) Shear (bending forces)
✔✔_________ is the load divided by the original cross-sectional area.
(A) Stress
(B) Strain - ✔✔(A) Stress
✔✔__________ is the extension divided by the original length.
(A) Stress
(B) Strain - ✔✔(B) Strain
✔✔What device do you place on a specimen to measure the strain during a test? -
✔✔Extensometer
✔✔The three types of guided bend tests are:
Face bends, Root bends, and _________. - ✔✔Side bends
✔✔When examining a specimen that has been subjected to a guided bend test, most
codes will consider it to be failed if there is a crack or open defect exceeding _____mm
in any direction. - ✔✔3mm
✔✔In hardness testing, it is essential that there is no friction in the loading system or a
__________ will result.
(A) lighter load
(B) heavier load - ✔✔(A) lighter load
✔✔What is the major load that is used in the Rockwell C Scale?
(A) 100kg
(B) 150kg
(C) 300kg - ✔✔(B) 150kg
✔✔When making a hardness test, the thickness of the specimen should be
__________ the depth of the impression.
(A) 2X
(B) 5X
(C) 10X - ✔✔(C) 10X
✔✔What is the most common toughness test? - ✔✔Charpy Impact Test
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which of the following classes of steel is fully-deoxidized and has a large shrinkage
cavity or "pipe" at the top?
(A) Rimmed
(B) Semi-killed
(C) Killed - ✔✔(C) Killed
✔✔Below 723° Celsius, what grain structure does steel have?
(A) FCC
(B) BCC - ✔✔(B) BCC
✔✔What is the difference between normalizing and annealing? - ✔✔Normalizing is air-
cooled;
Annealing is furnace-cooled
✔✔Which structure is more densely-packed - FCC or BCC? - ✔✔FCC
✔✔Which of the following welding techniques involves higher energy input?
(A) weaving technique
(B) depositing stringer beads - ✔✔(A) weaving technique
✔✔Centerline solidification cracking is most likely caused by welding speed that is:
(A) too high
(B) too slow - ✔✔(A) too high
✔✔What type of flux does NOT easily transfer oxygen to the weld metal?
(A) Fused
(B) Rutile
(C) Basic
(D) Alkaline - ✔✔(C) Basic
✔✔Does low-carbon steel undergo any major changes to its microstructure when given
a stress-relief treatment at 625° Celsius? - ✔✔No - it would need to reach 723°Celsius
✔✔A "controlled thermal severity" test (CTS) uses which type of weld?
(A) fillet
,(B) groove - ✔✔(A) fillet
✔✔Another term for weld fault is:
(A) discontinuity
(B) defect - ✔✔(B) defect
✔✔Is an incorrect root opening a dimensional fault or a structural fault? -
✔✔Dimensional fault
✔✔Is overlap a dimensional fault or a structural fault? - ✔✔Structural fault
✔✔in CSA Standard W59 and AWS D1.1, what is the workmanship tolerance for a
groove angle? - ✔✔+10°
-5°
✔✔Solidification cracks are __________ in direction.
(A) transverse
(B) longitudinal - ✔✔(B) longitudinal
✔✔Cold cracking forms at temperatures generally below _____° C. - ✔✔100° C
✔✔During the generation of X-rays, what percentage of the energy produced (from
electron interaction in the material) is in the form of:
Heat: _____%
X-rays: _____% - ✔✔Heat: 99%
X-rays: 1%
✔✔Which has a longer wavelength?
(A) radiation from Co-60
(B) radiation from Ir-192 - ✔✔(B) radiation from Ir-192
✔✔In general, construction codes will specify a penetrameter to be ______% of the
material's thickness. - ✔✔2%
✔✔What are the two basic types of penetrant dyes? - ✔✔Visible and Fluorescent
✔✔What are the three ways a load can act on a cross-sectional area in a body?
[Hint: Think types/directions of applied stress] - ✔✔(1) Tension (pulling apart)
, (2) Compression (pressing down)
(3) Shear (bending forces)
✔✔_________ is the load divided by the original cross-sectional area.
(A) Stress
(B) Strain - ✔✔(A) Stress
✔✔__________ is the extension divided by the original length.
(A) Stress
(B) Strain - ✔✔(B) Strain
✔✔What device do you place on a specimen to measure the strain during a test? -
✔✔Extensometer
✔✔The three types of guided bend tests are:
Face bends, Root bends, and _________. - ✔✔Side bends
✔✔When examining a specimen that has been subjected to a guided bend test, most
codes will consider it to be failed if there is a crack or open defect exceeding _____mm
in any direction. - ✔✔3mm
✔✔In hardness testing, it is essential that there is no friction in the loading system or a
__________ will result.
(A) lighter load
(B) heavier load - ✔✔(A) lighter load
✔✔What is the major load that is used in the Rockwell C Scale?
(A) 100kg
(B) 150kg
(C) 300kg - ✔✔(B) 150kg
✔✔When making a hardness test, the thickness of the specimen should be
__________ the depth of the impression.
(A) 2X
(B) 5X
(C) 10X - ✔✔(C) 10X
✔✔What is the most common toughness test? - ✔✔Charpy Impact Test
