CPNRE LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔A client who has AB positive blood is to receive a blood transfusion. The nurse
understands that blood of which of the following types could be administered to this
client? (Select all that apply.)
A) O positive
B) A positive
C) B positive
D) AB positive - ✔✔A) O positive
D) AB positive
Response Feedback:
O positive is the universal blood type. O positive blood contains neither type A nor type
B antigens. AB positive is, of course, the client's exact blood match. A positive blood
contains antibodies against B antigens and would thus result in a transfusion reaction if
given to a person with AB blood. B positive blood contains antibodies against A
antigens and would thus lead to a transfusion reaction if given to a person with AB
blood.
✔✔The nurse assesses the four following clients. Which client is at greatest risk for the
development of hypocalcemia?
A) 56-year-old client with acute renal failure
B) 40-year-old client with systemic lupus erythematosus
C) 28-year-old client who has just undergone a total thyroidectomy
D) 65-year-old client with hypertension taking â-adrenergic blockers - ✔✔A) 56-year-old
client with acute renal failure
Response Feedback:
The client with acute renal failure is at the highest risk for hypocalcemia. Although the
client who underwent a thyroidectomy is at risk, the client with acute renal failure is at a
higher risk.
✔✔A client with a history of cardiac disease is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic
(furosemide) and is seen in the emergency department for complaints of weakness. The
nurse expects to evaluate which laboratory values?
A) Albumin and protein levels
B) Sodium and chloride levels
C) Potassium and blood glucose levels
D) Hemoglobin level and hematocrit - ✔✔C) Potassium and blood glucose levels
Response Feedback:
,Individuals taking potassium-wasting diuretics are at risk for hypokalemia. Evaluating
blood glucose level when the client reports weakness is important to ensure that low
blood glucose level is not an issue. Levels of the other substances would not be
affected by a potassium-wasting diuretic.
✔✔When caring for a client with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), what is the most
important action on the part of the nurse?
A) Record the number of stools per day
B) Maintain strict intake and output records
C) Sterile technique for dressing change at IV site
D) Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias - ✔✔C) Sterile technique for dressing change at IV
site
Response Feedback:
Clients receiving TPN are very susceptible to infection. The concentrated glucose
solutions are a good medium for bacterial growth. Strict sterile technique is crucial in
preventing infection at IV infusion site.
✔✔The unit secretary has just returned from the blood bank, where she obtained a unit
of packed red blood cells that was ordered for a client. The nurse enters the room with a
colleague to check the blood at the bedside. When evaluating the intravenous (IV) site,
the nurse notes that the size of the needle in the IV line is 22 gauge. What actions
should the nurse take at this time? (Select all that apply.)
A) Return the blood to the blood bank.
B) Hang the blood as soon as possible.
C) Continue with the blood check at the bedside.
D) Place the blood in the medication refrigerator.
E) Start another IV line with a 20-gauge needle or larger. - ✔✔A) Return the blood to
the blood bank.
E) Start another IV line with a 20-gauge needle or larger.
Response Feedback:
The size of the needle is too small and might damage the red blood cells. The smallest
gauge of needle through which blood should run is 20 gauge. The preferred size is 18
gauge. The blood infusion cannot be started until an acceptable IV site isestablished.
Because the nurse will need to start another IV line with a larger needle and it is
uncertain how long this will take, the blood should be returned to the blood bank.
Infusion of blood must start within 20 to 30 minutes of the arrival of the blood on the
unit. In addition, blood should not hang for more than 4 hours. The blood check will
need to be performed again when the infusion using the new IV site is about to start.
The blood should not be hung at this time because of the incorrect needle size. The
blood should not be placed in the unit refrigerator because the temperature of this
refrigerator is not precisely controlled. Blood must be stored in a highly controlled
refrigeration unit to prevent multiplication of bacteria.
,✔✔The nurse teaches parents how to help their children to learn impulse control and
cooperative behaviours. This would occur during which of the stages of development
defined by Erikson?
A) Trust versus mistrust
B) Initiative versus guilt ?X
C) Industry versus inferiority X
D) Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt - ✔✔?
✔✔The nurse should observe for side effects associated with the use of
bronchodilators. A common side effect of bronchodilators is:
A) Tinnitus
B) Nausea
C) Ataxia
D) Hypotension - ✔✔B) Nausea
Response Feedback:
A side effect of bronchodilators is nausea. Answers A and C are not associated with
bronchodilators; therefore, they are incorrect. Answer D is incorrect because
hypotension is a sign of toxicity, not a side effect.
✔✔A 47-year-old woman expresses dismay to the nurse that her young adult children
are unemployed. Her husband is working and near retirement. She is not working and
feels bored with her life and unneeded. She is experiencing which of Erikson's stages of
development?
A) Integrity versus despair
B) Intimacy versus isolation X
C) Identity versus confusion
D) Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation ?X - ✔✔?
✔✔What are the initial signs and symptoms of a blood transfusion reaction?
A) Hypertension and blurred vision
B) Fever and urticaria
C) Confusion and diaphoresis
D) Drowsiness and headache - ✔✔B) Fever and urticaria
Response Feedback:
Initial behaviours of a transfusion reaction include fever and urticaria— why vitals are
taken 15 minutes after the start of the infusion
, ✔✔When caring for a hospitalized adolescent, the nurse can best meet the adolescent's
developmental needs by doing which of the following?
A) Providing diversion activities such as word puzzles
B) Providing privacy while the adolescent's significant other visits
C) Encouraging the parent to stay with the adolescent at all times
D) Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making - ✔✔D)
Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making
Response Feedback:
Adolescents need to participate in decisions regarding their care. They need to
understand and are capable of understanding treatment issues. Providing diversions
would be more appropriate for a school-aged child at the industry versus inferiority
stage. Adolescents need parental presence but are also moving toward independence
and separation from the family. A significant other is more relevant for a young adult,
who is developmentally ready for intimacy.
✔✔A nurse is teaching the importance of childhood immunizations to a group of
postpartum mothers. This is considered which level of preventive care?
A) Tertiary prevention
B) Primary prevention
C) Secondary prevention
D) Universal prevention - ✔✔B) Primary prevention
Response Feedback:
Primary prevention activities protect against a disease before signs and symptoms
occur (prepathogenesis stage of disease). Secondary prevention activities promote
early detection of disease once pathogenesis has occurred. Tertiary prevention
activities occur in the convalescent state of disease and are directed toward minimizing
residual disability and helping people to live productively with limitations.
✔✔A client with glaucoma has been prescribed Timoptic (timolol) eyedrops. Timoptic
should be used with caution in the client with a history of:
A) Diabetes X
B) Gastric ulcers
C) Emphysema
D) Pancreatitis - ✔✔C) Emphysema
Response Feedback:
Beta blockers such as timolol (Timoptic) can cause bronchospasms in the client with
chronic obstructive lung disease. Timoptic is not contraindicated for use in clients with
diabetes, gastric ulcers, or pancreatitis; therefore, answers A, B, and C are incorrect.
GRADED A+
✔✔A client who has AB positive blood is to receive a blood transfusion. The nurse
understands that blood of which of the following types could be administered to this
client? (Select all that apply.)
A) O positive
B) A positive
C) B positive
D) AB positive - ✔✔A) O positive
D) AB positive
Response Feedback:
O positive is the universal blood type. O positive blood contains neither type A nor type
B antigens. AB positive is, of course, the client's exact blood match. A positive blood
contains antibodies against B antigens and would thus result in a transfusion reaction if
given to a person with AB blood. B positive blood contains antibodies against A
antigens and would thus lead to a transfusion reaction if given to a person with AB
blood.
✔✔The nurse assesses the four following clients. Which client is at greatest risk for the
development of hypocalcemia?
A) 56-year-old client with acute renal failure
B) 40-year-old client with systemic lupus erythematosus
C) 28-year-old client who has just undergone a total thyroidectomy
D) 65-year-old client with hypertension taking â-adrenergic blockers - ✔✔A) 56-year-old
client with acute renal failure
Response Feedback:
The client with acute renal failure is at the highest risk for hypocalcemia. Although the
client who underwent a thyroidectomy is at risk, the client with acute renal failure is at a
higher risk.
✔✔A client with a history of cardiac disease is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic
(furosemide) and is seen in the emergency department for complaints of weakness. The
nurse expects to evaluate which laboratory values?
A) Albumin and protein levels
B) Sodium and chloride levels
C) Potassium and blood glucose levels
D) Hemoglobin level and hematocrit - ✔✔C) Potassium and blood glucose levels
Response Feedback:
,Individuals taking potassium-wasting diuretics are at risk for hypokalemia. Evaluating
blood glucose level when the client reports weakness is important to ensure that low
blood glucose level is not an issue. Levels of the other substances would not be
affected by a potassium-wasting diuretic.
✔✔When caring for a client with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), what is the most
important action on the part of the nurse?
A) Record the number of stools per day
B) Maintain strict intake and output records
C) Sterile technique for dressing change at IV site
D) Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias - ✔✔C) Sterile technique for dressing change at IV
site
Response Feedback:
Clients receiving TPN are very susceptible to infection. The concentrated glucose
solutions are a good medium for bacterial growth. Strict sterile technique is crucial in
preventing infection at IV infusion site.
✔✔The unit secretary has just returned from the blood bank, where she obtained a unit
of packed red blood cells that was ordered for a client. The nurse enters the room with a
colleague to check the blood at the bedside. When evaluating the intravenous (IV) site,
the nurse notes that the size of the needle in the IV line is 22 gauge. What actions
should the nurse take at this time? (Select all that apply.)
A) Return the blood to the blood bank.
B) Hang the blood as soon as possible.
C) Continue with the blood check at the bedside.
D) Place the blood in the medication refrigerator.
E) Start another IV line with a 20-gauge needle or larger. - ✔✔A) Return the blood to
the blood bank.
E) Start another IV line with a 20-gauge needle or larger.
Response Feedback:
The size of the needle is too small and might damage the red blood cells. The smallest
gauge of needle through which blood should run is 20 gauge. The preferred size is 18
gauge. The blood infusion cannot be started until an acceptable IV site isestablished.
Because the nurse will need to start another IV line with a larger needle and it is
uncertain how long this will take, the blood should be returned to the blood bank.
Infusion of blood must start within 20 to 30 minutes of the arrival of the blood on the
unit. In addition, blood should not hang for more than 4 hours. The blood check will
need to be performed again when the infusion using the new IV site is about to start.
The blood should not be hung at this time because of the incorrect needle size. The
blood should not be placed in the unit refrigerator because the temperature of this
refrigerator is not precisely controlled. Blood must be stored in a highly controlled
refrigeration unit to prevent multiplication of bacteria.
,✔✔The nurse teaches parents how to help their children to learn impulse control and
cooperative behaviours. This would occur during which of the stages of development
defined by Erikson?
A) Trust versus mistrust
B) Initiative versus guilt ?X
C) Industry versus inferiority X
D) Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt - ✔✔?
✔✔The nurse should observe for side effects associated with the use of
bronchodilators. A common side effect of bronchodilators is:
A) Tinnitus
B) Nausea
C) Ataxia
D) Hypotension - ✔✔B) Nausea
Response Feedback:
A side effect of bronchodilators is nausea. Answers A and C are not associated with
bronchodilators; therefore, they are incorrect. Answer D is incorrect because
hypotension is a sign of toxicity, not a side effect.
✔✔A 47-year-old woman expresses dismay to the nurse that her young adult children
are unemployed. Her husband is working and near retirement. She is not working and
feels bored with her life and unneeded. She is experiencing which of Erikson's stages of
development?
A) Integrity versus despair
B) Intimacy versus isolation X
C) Identity versus confusion
D) Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation ?X - ✔✔?
✔✔What are the initial signs and symptoms of a blood transfusion reaction?
A) Hypertension and blurred vision
B) Fever and urticaria
C) Confusion and diaphoresis
D) Drowsiness and headache - ✔✔B) Fever and urticaria
Response Feedback:
Initial behaviours of a transfusion reaction include fever and urticaria— why vitals are
taken 15 minutes after the start of the infusion
, ✔✔When caring for a hospitalized adolescent, the nurse can best meet the adolescent's
developmental needs by doing which of the following?
A) Providing diversion activities such as word puzzles
B) Providing privacy while the adolescent's significant other visits
C) Encouraging the parent to stay with the adolescent at all times
D) Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making - ✔✔D)
Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making
Response Feedback:
Adolescents need to participate in decisions regarding their care. They need to
understand and are capable of understanding treatment issues. Providing diversions
would be more appropriate for a school-aged child at the industry versus inferiority
stage. Adolescents need parental presence but are also moving toward independence
and separation from the family. A significant other is more relevant for a young adult,
who is developmentally ready for intimacy.
✔✔A nurse is teaching the importance of childhood immunizations to a group of
postpartum mothers. This is considered which level of preventive care?
A) Tertiary prevention
B) Primary prevention
C) Secondary prevention
D) Universal prevention - ✔✔B) Primary prevention
Response Feedback:
Primary prevention activities protect against a disease before signs and symptoms
occur (prepathogenesis stage of disease). Secondary prevention activities promote
early detection of disease once pathogenesis has occurred. Tertiary prevention
activities occur in the convalescent state of disease and are directed toward minimizing
residual disability and helping people to live productively with limitations.
✔✔A client with glaucoma has been prescribed Timoptic (timolol) eyedrops. Timoptic
should be used with caution in the client with a history of:
A) Diabetes X
B) Gastric ulcers
C) Emphysema
D) Pancreatitis - ✔✔C) Emphysema
Response Feedback:
Beta blockers such as timolol (Timoptic) can cause bronchospasms in the client with
chronic obstructive lung disease. Timoptic is not contraindicated for use in clients with
diabetes, gastric ulcers, or pancreatitis; therefore, answers A, B, and C are incorrect.
