MPH Comprehensive Exam Review 2026 – Study Guide and Practice Questions
The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model might use which theory or model to help understand why some
women do not get mammograms during the examination of predisposing, enabling, and
reinforcing factors?
Diffusion of Innovations
The Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical model
Community Coalition Action Theory - correct answer ✔✔ The Health Belief Model
Recycling glass bottles is an example of which type of social product?
Behavior
Service
Idea
Attitude - correct answer ✔✔ Behavior
Which model or theory is a guide for impact or outcome evaluation?
RE-AIM Model
Ecological Models
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Social Marketing - correct answer ✔✔ RE-AIM Model
Intervention at individual and group levels have been conducted to reduce HIV risk behaviors
among the most vulnerable populations at highest risk in the United States. In spite of these
interventions, African-American women remain the fastest growing segment of incident AIDS
cases. Obviously, new research studies are needed to provide intervention at individual, family,
community, and society levels. As an HIV/AIDS interventionist, which of the following factors will
you consider as HIV/AIDS-related behavior to incorporate into your model in reducing HIV risky
behaviors?
,Subjective norms
Self-efficacy
Knowledge
Perceived risk
All of the above - correct answer ✔✔ All of the above
Obesity intervention often utilized community trials to increase physical activity. These trials are
usually part of a "healthy heart" program and incorporate social and environmental measures,
including public service announcements about physical activity and total well-being. This
approach in terms of health behavior model is best described as the:
Social support model
Ecologic model
Health belief model
Transtheoretical model
Information, motivation and
skill building model - correct answer ✔✔ Ecologic model
Multiple regression procedures may be used when two or more interval-level measures serve as
predictors of some normally distributed interval-level dependent variable. In this model, the
regression coefficient for any particular independent or explanatory variable (X1) represents the
change in the response or dependent variable (Y) associated with a one-unit change in X1, while
controlling for or maintaining other predictors (X2, X3, etc.) at constant. If required to use this
predictive model in the analysis of study data, which of the following assumptions are NOT
necessary for a valid result?
All variables are interval- or ratio-scaled
The dependent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line
The independent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line
None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ The independent variable should be normally
distributed around the prediction line
,The bio-psychosocial model of health, which focuses on the multifactorial causes of disease,
could be applied to which of the following conditions as an attempt to understand their ethio-
pathogenesis EXCEPT?
Cancer
Otitis
Cardiovascular disorders
a and c only
Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ Otitis
In Phase 3, which level of theory is most appropriate for examining reinforcing factors and
indirect communication channels?
Community-level theories
Policy based theories
Individual-level theories
Interpersonal-level theories - correct answer ✔✔ Interpersonal-level theories
Which process governing observational learning is dependent upon communication skills?
Production
Retention
Motivation
Attention - correct answer ✔✔ Production
Which is the most powerful single predictor of behavior across studies from the Health Belief
Model?
Perceived benefits
Perceived susceptibility
, Perceived severity
Perceived barriers - correct answer ✔✔ Perceived barriers
The health belief model of behavior change assumes that humans act in rational ways and are
more likely to change behavior when confronted with a threat. If you are assigned to a breast
cancer prevention program and wish to use this model in promoting breast self-examination
among Asian-American women, which of the following factors will you consider in your
implementation of this model?
- The perceived severity of breast cancer
-The actual effectiveness of taking action to prevent or minimize breast cancer as compared to
barriers to and costs of taking such an action
- The attitudes of Asian-American women toward breast cancer
- All of the above
- None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ All the Above
Perceived invincibility among youth falls under which Health Belief Model construct?
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived barriers
Perceived benefits - correct answer ✔✔ Perceived susceptibility
Studies on psychological and social factors that influence health have consistently implicated
stress and social support in the outcome of disease and mortality. Which of the following
statements support the role played by stressing disease prognosis and mortality?
- Widows and widowers tend to have an unusually low risk of dying soon after the death of
their spouse
- People who lose their jobs are 50% to 70% less likely to present with angina symptoms,
compared to their employed counterparts of the same age and similar socio-demographics
The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model might use which theory or model to help understand why some
women do not get mammograms during the examination of predisposing, enabling, and
reinforcing factors?
Diffusion of Innovations
The Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical model
Community Coalition Action Theory - correct answer ✔✔ The Health Belief Model
Recycling glass bottles is an example of which type of social product?
Behavior
Service
Idea
Attitude - correct answer ✔✔ Behavior
Which model or theory is a guide for impact or outcome evaluation?
RE-AIM Model
Ecological Models
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Social Marketing - correct answer ✔✔ RE-AIM Model
Intervention at individual and group levels have been conducted to reduce HIV risk behaviors
among the most vulnerable populations at highest risk in the United States. In spite of these
interventions, African-American women remain the fastest growing segment of incident AIDS
cases. Obviously, new research studies are needed to provide intervention at individual, family,
community, and society levels. As an HIV/AIDS interventionist, which of the following factors will
you consider as HIV/AIDS-related behavior to incorporate into your model in reducing HIV risky
behaviors?
,Subjective norms
Self-efficacy
Knowledge
Perceived risk
All of the above - correct answer ✔✔ All of the above
Obesity intervention often utilized community trials to increase physical activity. These trials are
usually part of a "healthy heart" program and incorporate social and environmental measures,
including public service announcements about physical activity and total well-being. This
approach in terms of health behavior model is best described as the:
Social support model
Ecologic model
Health belief model
Transtheoretical model
Information, motivation and
skill building model - correct answer ✔✔ Ecologic model
Multiple regression procedures may be used when two or more interval-level measures serve as
predictors of some normally distributed interval-level dependent variable. In this model, the
regression coefficient for any particular independent or explanatory variable (X1) represents the
change in the response or dependent variable (Y) associated with a one-unit change in X1, while
controlling for or maintaining other predictors (X2, X3, etc.) at constant. If required to use this
predictive model in the analysis of study data, which of the following assumptions are NOT
necessary for a valid result?
All variables are interval- or ratio-scaled
The dependent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line
The independent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line
None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ The independent variable should be normally
distributed around the prediction line
,The bio-psychosocial model of health, which focuses on the multifactorial causes of disease,
could be applied to which of the following conditions as an attempt to understand their ethio-
pathogenesis EXCEPT?
Cancer
Otitis
Cardiovascular disorders
a and c only
Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ Otitis
In Phase 3, which level of theory is most appropriate for examining reinforcing factors and
indirect communication channels?
Community-level theories
Policy based theories
Individual-level theories
Interpersonal-level theories - correct answer ✔✔ Interpersonal-level theories
Which process governing observational learning is dependent upon communication skills?
Production
Retention
Motivation
Attention - correct answer ✔✔ Production
Which is the most powerful single predictor of behavior across studies from the Health Belief
Model?
Perceived benefits
Perceived susceptibility
, Perceived severity
Perceived barriers - correct answer ✔✔ Perceived barriers
The health belief model of behavior change assumes that humans act in rational ways and are
more likely to change behavior when confronted with a threat. If you are assigned to a breast
cancer prevention program and wish to use this model in promoting breast self-examination
among Asian-American women, which of the following factors will you consider in your
implementation of this model?
- The perceived severity of breast cancer
-The actual effectiveness of taking action to prevent or minimize breast cancer as compared to
barriers to and costs of taking such an action
- The attitudes of Asian-American women toward breast cancer
- All of the above
- None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ All the Above
Perceived invincibility among youth falls under which Health Belief Model construct?
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived barriers
Perceived benefits - correct answer ✔✔ Perceived susceptibility
Studies on psychological and social factors that influence health have consistently implicated
stress and social support in the outcome of disease and mortality. Which of the following
statements support the role played by stressing disease prognosis and mortality?
- Widows and widowers tend to have an unusually low risk of dying soon after the death of
their spouse
- People who lose their jobs are 50% to 70% less likely to present with angina symptoms,
compared to their employed counterparts of the same age and similar socio-demographics
