Galen Pharmacology EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
Furosemide (Lasix) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for
Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and
distal renal tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+
deficit
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - ANSWER Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for
Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and
potassium retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
,Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Thiazide
Diuretic used for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and
decreasing preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on
arterioles and causes vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypercalcemia
Mannitol (Osmitrol) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used
for IOP ICP and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal
tubue and Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
What is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER what the body does to the drug
What is Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER what the drug does to the body
What phase is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER Absorption phase
Where does absorption of a drug take place - ANSWER Small intestine
What affects absorption time - ANSWER -Pill type
-stomach contents
,-blood circulation
-pain, stress, anxiety
-route of administration
Contraindicators for medications - ANSWER Grapefruit juice and antacids
what is disintegration - ANSWER breakdown of oral drug into smaller
particles
What is dissolution - ANSWER Process of combining small drug particles
with liquid to form a solution
What is drug absorption - ANSWER Drug movement from GI tract into
bloodstream
happens in small intestine
What is bioavailability - ANSWER What is left of drug after swallowing.
PO meds will never have 100% bioavailability
Factors affecting Bioavailability - ANSWER -Absorption
-first pass metabolism
-Drug form
-route of admin
-gastric mucous % motility
-changes in liver metabolism
-Administration w/ food and other drugs
, What is first pass effect - ANSWER drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter
the portal vein and pass through the liver before entering circulation.
PO meds only
Characteristics of ADHD - ANSWER Inattentiveness, inability to
concentrate, restlessness, hyperactivity, inability to complete tasks,
impulsivity
Characteristics of narcolepsy - ANSWER recurrent attacks of drowsiness
and sleep during daytime
unable to control sleep
falling asleep while driving, talking, eating, standing
Where does drug metablosim occur - ANSWER In the the liver
What is drug metabolism - ANSWER process of body chemically changing
drug into a form to be excreted
What is the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER the time it takes for the drug in
body to be reduced by half
What is a loading dose - ANSWER Large initial dose of medication followed
by small maintence dose
Where does drug excretion occur? - ANSWER kidneys
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
Furosemide (Lasix) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for
Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and
distal renal tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+
deficit
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - ANSWER Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for
Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and
potassium retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
,Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Thiazide
Diuretic used for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and
decreasing preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on
arterioles and causes vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypercalcemia
Mannitol (Osmitrol) - ANSWER Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used
for IOP ICP and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal
tubue and Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
What is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER what the body does to the drug
What is Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER what the drug does to the body
What phase is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER Absorption phase
Where does absorption of a drug take place - ANSWER Small intestine
What affects absorption time - ANSWER -Pill type
-stomach contents
,-blood circulation
-pain, stress, anxiety
-route of administration
Contraindicators for medications - ANSWER Grapefruit juice and antacids
what is disintegration - ANSWER breakdown of oral drug into smaller
particles
What is dissolution - ANSWER Process of combining small drug particles
with liquid to form a solution
What is drug absorption - ANSWER Drug movement from GI tract into
bloodstream
happens in small intestine
What is bioavailability - ANSWER What is left of drug after swallowing.
PO meds will never have 100% bioavailability
Factors affecting Bioavailability - ANSWER -Absorption
-first pass metabolism
-Drug form
-route of admin
-gastric mucous % motility
-changes in liver metabolism
-Administration w/ food and other drugs
, What is first pass effect - ANSWER drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter
the portal vein and pass through the liver before entering circulation.
PO meds only
Characteristics of ADHD - ANSWER Inattentiveness, inability to
concentrate, restlessness, hyperactivity, inability to complete tasks,
impulsivity
Characteristics of narcolepsy - ANSWER recurrent attacks of drowsiness
and sleep during daytime
unable to control sleep
falling asleep while driving, talking, eating, standing
Where does drug metablosim occur - ANSWER In the the liver
What is drug metabolism - ANSWER process of body chemically changing
drug into a form to be excreted
What is the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER the time it takes for the drug in
body to be reduced by half
What is a loading dose - ANSWER Large initial dose of medication followed
by small maintence dose
Where does drug excretion occur? - ANSWER kidneys
