Bio 1001 Exam 2 (Paul, LSU) Final Test
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
____ is the capacity to do work. - Answer Energy
___________ is stored energy. - Answer Potential Energy
____________ is the energy of movement. - Answer Kinetic Energy
Describes the basic properties of energy. - Answer The Laws of Thermodynamics
States that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. - Answer The First Law of
Thermodynamics
The _________ in an isolated system remains constant. - Answer Total Energy
What is the first law of thermodynamics often called? - Answer the law of conservation of
energy
What usually happens when energy changes form? - Answer The conversions usually result
in the release of useful energy to the system.
States that when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy
decreases. - Answer The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The tendency toward an increase in randomness, disorder, and low-level energy. - Answer
Entropy
A process that breaks and forms chemical bonds. - Answer Chemical Reactions
What do chemical reactions do? - Answer Convert reactants into products.
What makes a reaction endergonic? - Answer If it requires a net input of energy.
,The reactants have more energy than the products, energy is released. - Answer Exergonic
Reactions
Require a net input of energy. The products of a chemical reaction contain more energy than
the reactants. An input of energy is required for the reaction to proceed. - Answer
Endergonic Reactions
Require activation energy to begin. Require some input of energy. The energy of activation
provides the "push" to get started. - Answer Chemical Reactions
What are the three steps in the cycle of enzyme-substrate interactions? - Answer 1.
Substrate(s) enter the active site in a specific orientation.
2. Substrate(s) and active site change shape, promoting the reaction.
3. Product is released, enzyme is ready for new substrate(s).
What do living things use to maintain life? - Answer Solar Energy
High-energy molecules that move energy within cells. - Answer Energy-Carrier Molecules
The "energy currency" of living cells because it provides energy for a wide variety of endergonic
reactions. - Answer ATP
________ and _________ transport energy within cells. - Answer ATP and Electron Carriers
What is ATP composed of? - Answer Adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups.
How can ATP be synthesized? - Answer ATP can be synthesized from adenosine diphosphate
and phosphate, using the energy released by exergonic reactions, such as glucose breakdown.
ATP can be broken down to ______ and _______ to provide energy for endergonic reactions. -
Answer ADP; Phosphate
Is ATP long-term or short-term energy storage? - Answer short-term
In what form do electron carriers transport energy? - Answer Electrons
What are common electron carriers? - Answer NADH and FADH2
,What do catalysts do? - Answer They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation
energy. They are not consumed or permanently changed by the reactions they promote.
_______ are biological catalysts. - Answer Enzymes
In living organisms, enzymes are usually _______. - Answer Proteins
What do enzymes' structures allow them to do? - Answer Catalyze specific reactions.
Because of its three-dimensional shape, an enzyme has a "pocket" that can do what? - Answer
Allows a specific reactant molecule, or substrate, to enter the active site.
Enzymes, like all catalysts, do what? - Answer lower activation energy
Where do enzymes function? - Answer Metabolic Pathways
Why are many metabolic pathways within a cell interconnected? - Answer Different
metabolic pathways often use the same molecules.
The sum of all chemical reactions within a cell. - Answer Metabolism
How do cells regulate metabolic pathways. - Answer By controlling enzyme synthesis and
activity.
What does the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions depend on? - Answer The concentration
of enzymes and substrates.
How do cells regulate enzymes? - Answer By regulating the genes that dictate the
production of the enzyme.
Some enzymes are synthesized in inactive forms. When are these enzymes activated? - Answer
When the cell needs them.
A substance competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. - Answer
Competitive Inhibition
, A molecule binds to a site on the enzyme distinct from the active site. - Answer
Noncompetitive Inhibition
What are some things that influence enzyme activity? - Answer Poisons, drugs, and
environmental conditions.
Energy transferred to an object, usually causing the object to move. - Answer Work
A form of potential energy that is stored in molecules and may be released during chemical
reactions. - Answer Chemical Energy
The energy of movement; includes light, heat, mechanical movement, and electricity. - Answer
Kinetic Energy
In thermodynamics, a hypothetical space where neither energy nor matter can enter or leave. -
Answer Isolated System
The principle of physics that states that within any isolated system, energy can be neither
created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another; also called the first law
of thermodynamics. - Answer Law of Conservation of Energy
The principle of physics that states that any change in an isolated system causes the quantity of
concentrated, useful energy to decrease and the amount of randomness and disorder (entropy)
to increase. - Answer Second Law of Thermodynamics
An atom or molecule that is used up in a chemical reaction to form a product. - Answer
Reactant
An atom or molecule that is formed from reactants in a chemical reaction. - Answer Product
Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What about photosynthesis? - Answer
Glucose breakdown is exergonic; photosynthesis is endergonic
In a chemical reaction, the energy needed to force the electron shells of reactants together,
prior to the formation of products. - Answer Activation Energy
A pair of reactions, one exergonic and one endergonic, that are linked together such that the
energy produced by the exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive the endergonic
reaction. - Answer Coupled Reaction
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
____ is the capacity to do work. - Answer Energy
___________ is stored energy. - Answer Potential Energy
____________ is the energy of movement. - Answer Kinetic Energy
Describes the basic properties of energy. - Answer The Laws of Thermodynamics
States that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. - Answer The First Law of
Thermodynamics
The _________ in an isolated system remains constant. - Answer Total Energy
What is the first law of thermodynamics often called? - Answer the law of conservation of
energy
What usually happens when energy changes form? - Answer The conversions usually result
in the release of useful energy to the system.
States that when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy
decreases. - Answer The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The tendency toward an increase in randomness, disorder, and low-level energy. - Answer
Entropy
A process that breaks and forms chemical bonds. - Answer Chemical Reactions
What do chemical reactions do? - Answer Convert reactants into products.
What makes a reaction endergonic? - Answer If it requires a net input of energy.
,The reactants have more energy than the products, energy is released. - Answer Exergonic
Reactions
Require a net input of energy. The products of a chemical reaction contain more energy than
the reactants. An input of energy is required for the reaction to proceed. - Answer
Endergonic Reactions
Require activation energy to begin. Require some input of energy. The energy of activation
provides the "push" to get started. - Answer Chemical Reactions
What are the three steps in the cycle of enzyme-substrate interactions? - Answer 1.
Substrate(s) enter the active site in a specific orientation.
2. Substrate(s) and active site change shape, promoting the reaction.
3. Product is released, enzyme is ready for new substrate(s).
What do living things use to maintain life? - Answer Solar Energy
High-energy molecules that move energy within cells. - Answer Energy-Carrier Molecules
The "energy currency" of living cells because it provides energy for a wide variety of endergonic
reactions. - Answer ATP
________ and _________ transport energy within cells. - Answer ATP and Electron Carriers
What is ATP composed of? - Answer Adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups.
How can ATP be synthesized? - Answer ATP can be synthesized from adenosine diphosphate
and phosphate, using the energy released by exergonic reactions, such as glucose breakdown.
ATP can be broken down to ______ and _______ to provide energy for endergonic reactions. -
Answer ADP; Phosphate
Is ATP long-term or short-term energy storage? - Answer short-term
In what form do electron carriers transport energy? - Answer Electrons
What are common electron carriers? - Answer NADH and FADH2
,What do catalysts do? - Answer They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation
energy. They are not consumed or permanently changed by the reactions they promote.
_______ are biological catalysts. - Answer Enzymes
In living organisms, enzymes are usually _______. - Answer Proteins
What do enzymes' structures allow them to do? - Answer Catalyze specific reactions.
Because of its three-dimensional shape, an enzyme has a "pocket" that can do what? - Answer
Allows a specific reactant molecule, or substrate, to enter the active site.
Enzymes, like all catalysts, do what? - Answer lower activation energy
Where do enzymes function? - Answer Metabolic Pathways
Why are many metabolic pathways within a cell interconnected? - Answer Different
metabolic pathways often use the same molecules.
The sum of all chemical reactions within a cell. - Answer Metabolism
How do cells regulate metabolic pathways. - Answer By controlling enzyme synthesis and
activity.
What does the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions depend on? - Answer The concentration
of enzymes and substrates.
How do cells regulate enzymes? - Answer By regulating the genes that dictate the
production of the enzyme.
Some enzymes are synthesized in inactive forms. When are these enzymes activated? - Answer
When the cell needs them.
A substance competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. - Answer
Competitive Inhibition
, A molecule binds to a site on the enzyme distinct from the active site. - Answer
Noncompetitive Inhibition
What are some things that influence enzyme activity? - Answer Poisons, drugs, and
environmental conditions.
Energy transferred to an object, usually causing the object to move. - Answer Work
A form of potential energy that is stored in molecules and may be released during chemical
reactions. - Answer Chemical Energy
The energy of movement; includes light, heat, mechanical movement, and electricity. - Answer
Kinetic Energy
In thermodynamics, a hypothetical space where neither energy nor matter can enter or leave. -
Answer Isolated System
The principle of physics that states that within any isolated system, energy can be neither
created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another; also called the first law
of thermodynamics. - Answer Law of Conservation of Energy
The principle of physics that states that any change in an isolated system causes the quantity of
concentrated, useful energy to decrease and the amount of randomness and disorder (entropy)
to increase. - Answer Second Law of Thermodynamics
An atom or molecule that is used up in a chemical reaction to form a product. - Answer
Reactant
An atom or molecule that is formed from reactants in a chemical reaction. - Answer Product
Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What about photosynthesis? - Answer
Glucose breakdown is exergonic; photosynthesis is endergonic
In a chemical reaction, the energy needed to force the electron shells of reactants together,
prior to the formation of products. - Answer Activation Energy
A pair of reactions, one exergonic and one endergonic, that are linked together such that the
energy produced by the exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive the endergonic
reaction. - Answer Coupled Reaction
