NUR 209 EXAM #4 Review
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 2026-
2027 100% GUARANTEED
PASS
Know the delivery rates and percent of oxygen when using a nasal cannula, simple oxygen mask,
venturi mask, non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER-Nasal Cannula: 1 to 6 L/min and
administers 24%-44% FiO2
Simple Oxygen Mask: 5 to 10 L/min. FiO2 delivered is 30% -50%
Venturi Mask: Set with jet adapter for flow rate and FiO2. Flow rates of 24%-40% may be set
with the venturi mask
Non-Rebreather Mask: 10-15 L/min. FiO2 delivered is >60%
Class of drugs primarily "rescue drugs" in acute attacks of asthma/COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-In
an acute asthmatic attack, the short-acting sympathomimetics (beta2-adrenergic agonists) are
the first line of defense. They promote cAMP production and enhance bronchodilation
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP), a cellular signaling molecule, is
involved in many cellular activities and is responsible for maintaining bronchodilation
Long-acting sympathomimetics are used for maintenance
For bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD, selective beta2-adrenergic agonists
are given by aerosol or as a tablet
These drugs act primarily on the beta2 receptors; therefore side effects are less severe than
those of epinephrine, which acts on alpha1, beta1, and beta2 receptors
Albuterol and Terbutaline take effect almost immediately (quizlet)
,What drugs belong to class of inhaled corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Glucocorticoids(Corticosteroids): Aerosol inhalation drugs include: Beclomethasone (Qvar),
Flunisolide (Aerospan), Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler), and Fluticasone (Flovent Diskus)
Zafirlukast (Accolate): A Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist: For prophylaxis and maintenance
therapy for chronic asthma. Reduces inflammation within bronchial tubes and airways. It is
administered orally and absorbed rapidly. It has a moderate to moderately long half-life.
Monitor liver function tests; AST and ALT may be elevated. Warn patient that black or green tea
and guarana with zafirlukast may cause increased stimulation.
Zileuton (Zyflo CR): A Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitor: For prophylaxis and maintenance therapy
for chronic asthma. Reduces inflammation in airways and decreases bronchoconstriction.
Hepatotoxicity may result; closely monitor liver enzymes.
LT receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors should not be used during an acute asthmatic
attack. They are only for prophylactic and maintenance drug therapy for chronic asthma.
Example of long acting Beta-2 Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta 2 Agonists are bronchodilators
aka sympathomimetics used to treat COPD, particularly asthma
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus): For chronic asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm. Not
effective for treating acute bronchospasm. Has a long duration of action (12 h).
Arformoterol tartrate (Brovana): For long-term maintenance treatment of COPD. Not effective
for treating acute bronchospasm. Has a long duration of action.
Indacaterol (Arcapta, Neohaler): Long-acting beta2 agonist to treat airflow obstruction from
COPD.
Drug used in NICU for prevention of apnea and bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-
Methylxanthines/Caffeine Citrate-Used for newborns with apnea to stimulate respiration;
increases heart rate and blood pressure
Class of drugs that can be used to prevent uterine contractions in preterm labor. - CORRECT
ANSWER-When patients in true PTL (with cervical change) have no contraindications, they
become candidates for tocolytic therapy (drug therapy to decrease uterine muscle contractions)
, using beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., terbutaline) or, more commonly, the calcium
antagonist magnesium sulfate.
Actions on the body of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sympathetic NS= Adrenergic system AKA FIGHT OR FLIGHT: Pupil dilation (mydriasis),
bronchodilation, increased HR and BP, blood vessels constrict, relaxation of smooth muscle and
GI tract, relax uterine muscles, relaxed bladder
Parasympathetic NS= Cholinergic system AKA REST AND DIGEST: Constricts pupils (miosis),
constricts bronchioles and increased secretions, decreased HR, decreased BP, blood vessel
dilation, increased peristalsis, constricts bladder, increased salivation
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems affect the bronchial smooth muscle in
opposite ways. The vagus nerve (parasympathetic nervous system) releases acetylcholine,
which causes bronchoconstriction. The sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine,
which stimulates the beta2 receptor in the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in
bronchodilation. These two nervous systems counterbalance each other to maintain
homeostasis.
Common side effects of antihistamines - CORRECT ANSWER-First generation antihistamines-
drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, disturbed coordination.
Skin rashes and anticholinergic symptoms (dry mouth, urine retention, blurred vision, wheezing)
What education should the nurse provide to a patient recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids
regarding common adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Side effects associated with orally
inhaled glucocorticoids are generally local (e.g., throat irritation, hoarseness, dry mouth,
coughing) rather than systemic. Oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal fungal infections have occurred
but can be reversed with discontinuation and antifungal treatment. Candida albicans
oropharyngeal infections may be prevented by using a spacer with the inhaler to reduce drug
deposits in the oral cavity, rinsing the mouth and throat with water after each dose, and
washing the apparatus (cap and plastic nose or mouthpiece) daily with warm water.
When educating a patient recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids, the nurse will discuss
which potential adverse effects? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Fatigue and depression
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 2026-
2027 100% GUARANTEED
PASS
Know the delivery rates and percent of oxygen when using a nasal cannula, simple oxygen mask,
venturi mask, non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER-Nasal Cannula: 1 to 6 L/min and
administers 24%-44% FiO2
Simple Oxygen Mask: 5 to 10 L/min. FiO2 delivered is 30% -50%
Venturi Mask: Set with jet adapter for flow rate and FiO2. Flow rates of 24%-40% may be set
with the venturi mask
Non-Rebreather Mask: 10-15 L/min. FiO2 delivered is >60%
Class of drugs primarily "rescue drugs" in acute attacks of asthma/COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-In
an acute asthmatic attack, the short-acting sympathomimetics (beta2-adrenergic agonists) are
the first line of defense. They promote cAMP production and enhance bronchodilation
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP), a cellular signaling molecule, is
involved in many cellular activities and is responsible for maintaining bronchodilation
Long-acting sympathomimetics are used for maintenance
For bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD, selective beta2-adrenergic agonists
are given by aerosol or as a tablet
These drugs act primarily on the beta2 receptors; therefore side effects are less severe than
those of epinephrine, which acts on alpha1, beta1, and beta2 receptors
Albuterol and Terbutaline take effect almost immediately (quizlet)
,What drugs belong to class of inhaled corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Glucocorticoids(Corticosteroids): Aerosol inhalation drugs include: Beclomethasone (Qvar),
Flunisolide (Aerospan), Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler), and Fluticasone (Flovent Diskus)
Zafirlukast (Accolate): A Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist: For prophylaxis and maintenance
therapy for chronic asthma. Reduces inflammation within bronchial tubes and airways. It is
administered orally and absorbed rapidly. It has a moderate to moderately long half-life.
Monitor liver function tests; AST and ALT may be elevated. Warn patient that black or green tea
and guarana with zafirlukast may cause increased stimulation.
Zileuton (Zyflo CR): A Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitor: For prophylaxis and maintenance therapy
for chronic asthma. Reduces inflammation in airways and decreases bronchoconstriction.
Hepatotoxicity may result; closely monitor liver enzymes.
LT receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors should not be used during an acute asthmatic
attack. They are only for prophylactic and maintenance drug therapy for chronic asthma.
Example of long acting Beta-2 Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta 2 Agonists are bronchodilators
aka sympathomimetics used to treat COPD, particularly asthma
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus): For chronic asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm. Not
effective for treating acute bronchospasm. Has a long duration of action (12 h).
Arformoterol tartrate (Brovana): For long-term maintenance treatment of COPD. Not effective
for treating acute bronchospasm. Has a long duration of action.
Indacaterol (Arcapta, Neohaler): Long-acting beta2 agonist to treat airflow obstruction from
COPD.
Drug used in NICU for prevention of apnea and bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-
Methylxanthines/Caffeine Citrate-Used for newborns with apnea to stimulate respiration;
increases heart rate and blood pressure
Class of drugs that can be used to prevent uterine contractions in preterm labor. - CORRECT
ANSWER-When patients in true PTL (with cervical change) have no contraindications, they
become candidates for tocolytic therapy (drug therapy to decrease uterine muscle contractions)
, using beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., terbutaline) or, more commonly, the calcium
antagonist magnesium sulfate.
Actions on the body of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sympathetic NS= Adrenergic system AKA FIGHT OR FLIGHT: Pupil dilation (mydriasis),
bronchodilation, increased HR and BP, blood vessels constrict, relaxation of smooth muscle and
GI tract, relax uterine muscles, relaxed bladder
Parasympathetic NS= Cholinergic system AKA REST AND DIGEST: Constricts pupils (miosis),
constricts bronchioles and increased secretions, decreased HR, decreased BP, blood vessel
dilation, increased peristalsis, constricts bladder, increased salivation
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems affect the bronchial smooth muscle in
opposite ways. The vagus nerve (parasympathetic nervous system) releases acetylcholine,
which causes bronchoconstriction. The sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine,
which stimulates the beta2 receptor in the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in
bronchodilation. These two nervous systems counterbalance each other to maintain
homeostasis.
Common side effects of antihistamines - CORRECT ANSWER-First generation antihistamines-
drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, disturbed coordination.
Skin rashes and anticholinergic symptoms (dry mouth, urine retention, blurred vision, wheezing)
What education should the nurse provide to a patient recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids
regarding common adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Side effects associated with orally
inhaled glucocorticoids are generally local (e.g., throat irritation, hoarseness, dry mouth,
coughing) rather than systemic. Oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal fungal infections have occurred
but can be reversed with discontinuation and antifungal treatment. Candida albicans
oropharyngeal infections may be prevented by using a spacer with the inhaler to reduce drug
deposits in the oral cavity, rinsing the mouth and throat with water after each dose, and
washing the apparatus (cap and plastic nose or mouthpiece) daily with warm water.
When educating a patient recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids, the nurse will discuss
which potential adverse effects? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Fatigue and depression
