Introduction to Professional Nursing: Assessment 1 2026 – WCU
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and significantly improved
sanitation in military hospitals during the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Lillian Wald
D. Dorothea Dix
Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school and prioritized
environment and sanitation as foundations for nursing care.
2. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit’ theory, focusing on
the patient’s ability to perform self-care activities?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s theory emphasizes that nursing is required when an individual is unable
to fulfill their own self-care needs.
,3. The nursing professional acts as a patient advocate by:
A. Administering medications on time
B. Documenting care accurately in the EMR
C. Performing technical procedures correctly
D. Protecting the patient’s human and legal rights
Answer: D
Rationale: Advocacy involves standing up for the patient’s rights and ensuring their
wishes are respected in the healthcare system.
4. In Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse with 2 to 3 years of
experience in the same clinical position is typically at which level?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Proficient
C. Competent
D. Expert
Answer: C
Rationale: The Competent nurse (2-3 years) is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals.
5. Which ethical principle refers to the duty to ‘do no harm’ to the patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Fidelity
Answer: B
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the commitment to avoid harm or hurt to the patient.
, 6. What is the primary purpose of the Nursing Practice Act (NPA) in each state?
A. To organize national nursing conferences
B. To set the salary scales for registered nurses
C. To provide a list of local nursing schools
D. To define the scope of nursing practice and protect the public
Answer: D
Rationale: The NPA establishes the legal boundaries of nursing practice within a specific
state to ensure public safety.
7. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster are known for founding the Henry Street
Settlement, which pioneered:
A. Surgical nursing
B. Psychiatric nursing
C. Public health nursing
D. Military nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The Henry Street Settlement focused on the health needs of poor people living
in tenements in New York City.
8. Which document was developed by the ANA to describe the ‘who, what,
where, when, why, and how’ of nursing practice?
A. Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
B. The Code of Ethics for Nurses
C. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement
D. The Nurse Practice Act
Answer: A
Rationale: The Scope and Standards of Practice define the expectations of the professional
role for all RNs.
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and significantly improved
sanitation in military hospitals during the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Lillian Wald
D. Dorothea Dix
Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school and prioritized
environment and sanitation as foundations for nursing care.
2. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit’ theory, focusing on
the patient’s ability to perform self-care activities?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s theory emphasizes that nursing is required when an individual is unable
to fulfill their own self-care needs.
,3. The nursing professional acts as a patient advocate by:
A. Administering medications on time
B. Documenting care accurately in the EMR
C. Performing technical procedures correctly
D. Protecting the patient’s human and legal rights
Answer: D
Rationale: Advocacy involves standing up for the patient’s rights and ensuring their
wishes are respected in the healthcare system.
4. In Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse with 2 to 3 years of
experience in the same clinical position is typically at which level?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Proficient
C. Competent
D. Expert
Answer: C
Rationale: The Competent nurse (2-3 years) is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals.
5. Which ethical principle refers to the duty to ‘do no harm’ to the patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Fidelity
Answer: B
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the commitment to avoid harm or hurt to the patient.
, 6. What is the primary purpose of the Nursing Practice Act (NPA) in each state?
A. To organize national nursing conferences
B. To set the salary scales for registered nurses
C. To provide a list of local nursing schools
D. To define the scope of nursing practice and protect the public
Answer: D
Rationale: The NPA establishes the legal boundaries of nursing practice within a specific
state to ensure public safety.
7. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster are known for founding the Henry Street
Settlement, which pioneered:
A. Surgical nursing
B. Psychiatric nursing
C. Public health nursing
D. Military nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The Henry Street Settlement focused on the health needs of poor people living
in tenements in New York City.
8. Which document was developed by the ANA to describe the ‘who, what,
where, when, why, and how’ of nursing practice?
A. Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
B. The Code of Ethics for Nurses
C. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement
D. The Nurse Practice Act
Answer: A
Rationale: The Scope and Standards of Practice define the expectations of the professional
role for all RNs.
