Hesi Fundamentals Terms
exam Questions & Answers
1. Nightingale theory - ANSWER-Patient's environment is arrange to facilitate the body's
reparative processes.Lady with the lamp
2. Dorothea Orem - ANSWER-Self-Care Deficit Theory
Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health
and well-being.
3. Malpractice - ANSWER-Professional negligence; failure to meet a legal duty, thus causing
harm to another.
4. Negligence - ANSWER-The commissioning (doing) of an act or the omission (not doing) of an
act that a reasonable prudent person would have preformed in a similar situation, thus causing
harm to another.
5. Abandonment of
Care - ANSWER-Wrongful termination of providing patient care.
6. HIPAA - ANSWER-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) set
rules and limits on who can look at and receive health care information.
7. Confidentiality - ANSWER-duty to protect information about a patient
,8. Invasion of privacy - ANSWER-Person right to be left alone or anonymous if she or he chooses
9. Erickson's
Developmental
Stages - ANSWER-1. Infancy/0-1/Basic trust vs. Mistrust
2. Toddler/1-3/Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Preschool/4-6/Initiative vs. Guilt
4. School Age/7-11/Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Adolescence/12-19/Identity vs. Role confusion
6. Young Adulthood/20-44/Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Middle Adulthood/45-65/Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Late Adulthood/65+/Ego Integrity vs. Despair
10. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-5: Self-Actualization
4: Self-Esteem
3: Love and Belongingness
2: Safety and Security
1: Physiologic
11. Verbal communication techniques - ANSWER-Closed questioning
-Focuses and seeks a particular ANSWER
Open-ended question
-Does not require a specific response and allows the patient to elaborate freely
Restating
- Caregiver repeats to the patient what the caregiver understands to be the main point
Paraphrasing
,-Restating the patient's message in the nurse's own words to verify that the nurse's
interpretation is correct Clarifying
-Restating the patient's message in a manner that asks the patient to verify that the message
received is accurate
Focusing
- Used when more specific information is needed to accurately understand the patient's
message Reflecting
-Assists the patient to "reflect" on inner feelings and thoughts
- Stating observation
-Validates the accuracy of observation
Offering information
-Nurse should make this interaction two-way
Summarizing
-Review of the main points covered in an interaction
12. Nonverbal Communication - ANSWER-Non verbal cues such as tone, rate of voice, volume of
speech, eye contact, physical appearance, gestures, posture and use of touch.
13. Nonverbal
Communication
Techniques - ANSWER-Listening
-Most effective methods but also most difficult
-Conveys interest and caring
- Active listening (Requires the caregivers fullattention)
-Passive listening (Caregiver attends nonverbally to what the patient is saying through eye
contact and nodding, or verbally through encouraging phrases such as "uh-huh" or "I see.")
Silence
- Requires skill and timing
, - Can convey respect, understanding, caring, support; often used with touch-Gives you time to
look at nonverbal responses
Touch
-Must be used with great discretion to fit into sociocultural norms and guidelines
-Can convey warmth, caring, support, and understanding
-Nature of the touch must be sincere and genuine
-If the caregiver is hesitant or reluctant to touch, it may be interpreted as rejection
14. non- English communication - ANSWER-Language Barriers. Interpreter if available; messages
must be kept simple
15. Alternative Methods of Communication - ANSWER-Lip reading
Sign language
Paper and pencil/magic slate
Word or picture cards
Magnetic boards with plastic letters
Eye blinks
Computer-assisted communication
Clock face communicator
16. Nursing Process
A Nice Delicious PIE - ANSWER-A= Assessment
ND = Nursing diagnosis
P= Plan
I= Interventions
E= Evaluation
exam Questions & Answers
1. Nightingale theory - ANSWER-Patient's environment is arrange to facilitate the body's
reparative processes.Lady with the lamp
2. Dorothea Orem - ANSWER-Self-Care Deficit Theory
Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health
and well-being.
3. Malpractice - ANSWER-Professional negligence; failure to meet a legal duty, thus causing
harm to another.
4. Negligence - ANSWER-The commissioning (doing) of an act or the omission (not doing) of an
act that a reasonable prudent person would have preformed in a similar situation, thus causing
harm to another.
5. Abandonment of
Care - ANSWER-Wrongful termination of providing patient care.
6. HIPAA - ANSWER-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) set
rules and limits on who can look at and receive health care information.
7. Confidentiality - ANSWER-duty to protect information about a patient
,8. Invasion of privacy - ANSWER-Person right to be left alone or anonymous if she or he chooses
9. Erickson's
Developmental
Stages - ANSWER-1. Infancy/0-1/Basic trust vs. Mistrust
2. Toddler/1-3/Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Preschool/4-6/Initiative vs. Guilt
4. School Age/7-11/Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Adolescence/12-19/Identity vs. Role confusion
6. Young Adulthood/20-44/Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Middle Adulthood/45-65/Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Late Adulthood/65+/Ego Integrity vs. Despair
10. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-5: Self-Actualization
4: Self-Esteem
3: Love and Belongingness
2: Safety and Security
1: Physiologic
11. Verbal communication techniques - ANSWER-Closed questioning
-Focuses and seeks a particular ANSWER
Open-ended question
-Does not require a specific response and allows the patient to elaborate freely
Restating
- Caregiver repeats to the patient what the caregiver understands to be the main point
Paraphrasing
,-Restating the patient's message in the nurse's own words to verify that the nurse's
interpretation is correct Clarifying
-Restating the patient's message in a manner that asks the patient to verify that the message
received is accurate
Focusing
- Used when more specific information is needed to accurately understand the patient's
message Reflecting
-Assists the patient to "reflect" on inner feelings and thoughts
- Stating observation
-Validates the accuracy of observation
Offering information
-Nurse should make this interaction two-way
Summarizing
-Review of the main points covered in an interaction
12. Nonverbal Communication - ANSWER-Non verbal cues such as tone, rate of voice, volume of
speech, eye contact, physical appearance, gestures, posture and use of touch.
13. Nonverbal
Communication
Techniques - ANSWER-Listening
-Most effective methods but also most difficult
-Conveys interest and caring
- Active listening (Requires the caregivers fullattention)
-Passive listening (Caregiver attends nonverbally to what the patient is saying through eye
contact and nodding, or verbally through encouraging phrases such as "uh-huh" or "I see.")
Silence
- Requires skill and timing
, - Can convey respect, understanding, caring, support; often used with touch-Gives you time to
look at nonverbal responses
Touch
-Must be used with great discretion to fit into sociocultural norms and guidelines
-Can convey warmth, caring, support, and understanding
-Nature of the touch must be sincere and genuine
-If the caregiver is hesitant or reluctant to touch, it may be interpreted as rejection
14. non- English communication - ANSWER-Language Barriers. Interpreter if available; messages
must be kept simple
15. Alternative Methods of Communication - ANSWER-Lip reading
Sign language
Paper and pencil/magic slate
Word or picture cards
Magnetic boards with plastic letters
Eye blinks
Computer-assisted communication
Clock face communicator
16. Nursing Process
A Nice Delicious PIE - ANSWER-A= Assessment
ND = Nursing diagnosis
P= Plan
I= Interventions
E= Evaluation
