PSYCH 1XX3 MAIN EXAMINATION 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Hindbrain: Medulla - ✔✔Regulates breathing, digestion, heart rate
✔✔Hindbrain: Pons - ✔✔Movement, emotions, auditory perception
✔✔Hindbrain: Reticular - ✔✔Arousal, motivation, circadian rythym
✔✔Hindbrain: Cerebullum - ✔✔Facilitates coordinated movement
✔✔The Midbrain - ✔✔Lies between hindbrain and forebrain
- Divided into 2 parts:
Tectum & Tegmentum
✔✔The Midbrain: Tectum - ✔✔A) Superior colliculus - eye movements and visual
reflection
B) Inferior colliculus - auditory integraton
✔✔The Midbrain: Tegmentum - ✔✔A) Red Nucleus - motor control
B) Substantia Nigra - reward relate behaviour through dopamine
✔✔The Forebrain - ✔✔- largest and uppermost region of the brain
- complex functions (emotion, memory, perception, thought)
- limbic system: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thalamus, amygdla, hippocampus
✔✔The Forebrain: Hypothalamus - ✔✔Controls integrative functions (stress responses,
energy metabolism, hormonal control)
- Fight, flight, feeding, f**king
- Regulatory hormones --> pitituary glands
✔✔The Forebrain: Pituitary Gland - ✔✔Master gland of the endocrine system.
- Regulates vital hormones
a) Anterior Pituitary - receives signals from the brain + receives + releases stimulating
hormones
b) Posterior Pituitary - exit of hypothalamus. Releases 2 hormones: 1. Oxytocin =
biological function 2. Vasopressin = blood hormone
✔✔The Forebrain: Thalamus - ✔✔- axon from every sensory synapse
- processes and relays info to cerebral cortex
✔✔The Forebrain: Amyglada - ✔✔- receives sensory info
- decodes emotions
- when damaged = deficit of fear response
,✔✔The Forebrain: Hippocampus - ✔✔- short term memory
- ability to "navigate" --> spatial map
✔✔Cortex - ✔✔- outside of brain
- newest part of the brain
- contributes to behaviours that make us human
- info processing + complex behaviours
✔✔Gyri - ✔✔Ridge on cortex
✔✔Sulcus - ✔✔Indents, increase surface area
✔✔Fissures - ✔✔Divid major areas of cortex
✔✔4 Brain Lobes - ✔✔1. Occipital
2. Temporal
3. Parietal
4. Frontal
✔✔Brain Lobes: Occipital - ✔✔Behind Head
- visual processing
- damage --> can become blind
✔✔Brain Lobes: Temporal - ✔✔Ears
- memory + language
- primary auditory cortex
✔✔Brain Lobes: Parietal - ✔✔Top
- complex visual + spatial functions
- location and movement of visual objects
✔✔Brain Lobes: Frontal - ✔✔Front
- most complex
- makes you human
- language, short term memory
✔✔Brain Lateralization - ✔✔- left side is important for language production and
comprehension
- right side is for process of spatial representations
✔✔Broca's Area - ✔✔- speech deficit
- lesion in left frontal lobe
- motor production of speech
, ✔✔Wernicke's Area - ✔✔Deficits in language comprehension
✔✔Split Brain Syndrome - ✔✔- 2 independently functioning brain hemispheres
- info arrives at one side, unable to go to other side
✔✔Left Hemisphere - ✔✔- words, letters
- language sounds
- verbal memory
- speech, grammar
- writing, reading
✔✔Right Hemisphere - ✔✔- geometric patters
- non language sounds, music
- non verbal memory
- emotional tone of speech
- sense of direction, distance
✔✔Light - ✔✔1. Amplitude & Brightness
2. Wavelength & Colour
3. Purity & Saturation
✔✔Light: Amplitude - ✔✔Brightness
- light travels are as wave
- tall wavelengths = very bright
- short wavelengths = not bright
✔✔Light: Wavelength - ✔✔Colour
- small wavelength = increase frequency
- long wavelength = low frequency
✔✔Light: Purity - ✔✔Saturation
- completely saturated = made with one wavelength
- desaturated = multiple wavelengths. Ex. natural light
✔✔The Eye - ✔✔1. Cornea
2. Pupil
3. Iris
4. Lens
5. Vitreous Humor
6. Retina
✔✔The Eye: Cornea - ✔✔Transparent window in eye
✔✔The Eye: Pupil - ✔✔Round window (black dot in eye)
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Hindbrain: Medulla - ✔✔Regulates breathing, digestion, heart rate
✔✔Hindbrain: Pons - ✔✔Movement, emotions, auditory perception
✔✔Hindbrain: Reticular - ✔✔Arousal, motivation, circadian rythym
✔✔Hindbrain: Cerebullum - ✔✔Facilitates coordinated movement
✔✔The Midbrain - ✔✔Lies between hindbrain and forebrain
- Divided into 2 parts:
Tectum & Tegmentum
✔✔The Midbrain: Tectum - ✔✔A) Superior colliculus - eye movements and visual
reflection
B) Inferior colliculus - auditory integraton
✔✔The Midbrain: Tegmentum - ✔✔A) Red Nucleus - motor control
B) Substantia Nigra - reward relate behaviour through dopamine
✔✔The Forebrain - ✔✔- largest and uppermost region of the brain
- complex functions (emotion, memory, perception, thought)
- limbic system: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thalamus, amygdla, hippocampus
✔✔The Forebrain: Hypothalamus - ✔✔Controls integrative functions (stress responses,
energy metabolism, hormonal control)
- Fight, flight, feeding, f**king
- Regulatory hormones --> pitituary glands
✔✔The Forebrain: Pituitary Gland - ✔✔Master gland of the endocrine system.
- Regulates vital hormones
a) Anterior Pituitary - receives signals from the brain + receives + releases stimulating
hormones
b) Posterior Pituitary - exit of hypothalamus. Releases 2 hormones: 1. Oxytocin =
biological function 2. Vasopressin = blood hormone
✔✔The Forebrain: Thalamus - ✔✔- axon from every sensory synapse
- processes and relays info to cerebral cortex
✔✔The Forebrain: Amyglada - ✔✔- receives sensory info
- decodes emotions
- when damaged = deficit of fear response
,✔✔The Forebrain: Hippocampus - ✔✔- short term memory
- ability to "navigate" --> spatial map
✔✔Cortex - ✔✔- outside of brain
- newest part of the brain
- contributes to behaviours that make us human
- info processing + complex behaviours
✔✔Gyri - ✔✔Ridge on cortex
✔✔Sulcus - ✔✔Indents, increase surface area
✔✔Fissures - ✔✔Divid major areas of cortex
✔✔4 Brain Lobes - ✔✔1. Occipital
2. Temporal
3. Parietal
4. Frontal
✔✔Brain Lobes: Occipital - ✔✔Behind Head
- visual processing
- damage --> can become blind
✔✔Brain Lobes: Temporal - ✔✔Ears
- memory + language
- primary auditory cortex
✔✔Brain Lobes: Parietal - ✔✔Top
- complex visual + spatial functions
- location and movement of visual objects
✔✔Brain Lobes: Frontal - ✔✔Front
- most complex
- makes you human
- language, short term memory
✔✔Brain Lateralization - ✔✔- left side is important for language production and
comprehension
- right side is for process of spatial representations
✔✔Broca's Area - ✔✔- speech deficit
- lesion in left frontal lobe
- motor production of speech
, ✔✔Wernicke's Area - ✔✔Deficits in language comprehension
✔✔Split Brain Syndrome - ✔✔- 2 independently functioning brain hemispheres
- info arrives at one side, unable to go to other side
✔✔Left Hemisphere - ✔✔- words, letters
- language sounds
- verbal memory
- speech, grammar
- writing, reading
✔✔Right Hemisphere - ✔✔- geometric patters
- non language sounds, music
- non verbal memory
- emotional tone of speech
- sense of direction, distance
✔✔Light - ✔✔1. Amplitude & Brightness
2. Wavelength & Colour
3. Purity & Saturation
✔✔Light: Amplitude - ✔✔Brightness
- light travels are as wave
- tall wavelengths = very bright
- short wavelengths = not bright
✔✔Light: Wavelength - ✔✔Colour
- small wavelength = increase frequency
- long wavelength = low frequency
✔✔Light: Purity - ✔✔Saturation
- completely saturated = made with one wavelength
- desaturated = multiple wavelengths. Ex. natural light
✔✔The Eye - ✔✔1. Cornea
2. Pupil
3. Iris
4. Lens
5. Vitreous Humor
6. Retina
✔✔The Eye: Cornea - ✔✔Transparent window in eye
✔✔The Eye: Pupil - ✔✔Round window (black dot in eye)
