AQA AS CHEMISTRY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
◉ Electron impact. Answer: Sample vaporised and electron gun fires
high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each
particle, making them 1+ ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
◉ electrospray ionization. Answer: Sample dissolved in volatile
solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles gain
proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
◉ Acceleration (TOF). Answer: positive ions accelerated using
electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
◉ Ion drift (TOF). Answer: particles with small mass have larger
velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching detector
first
, ◉ Detection (TOF). Answer: positive ions hit negatively charged
plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the larger the
current the higher the abundance
◉ Analysis (TOF). Answer: -computer uses data to produce mass
spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due
to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
◉ Electron spin. Answer: Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
◉ Orbitals. Answer: Defined regions of space around nucleus where
electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2 electrons
◉ Hund's Rule. Answer: Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their
own and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same energy are
available
◉ Electron configuration. Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
4p6 4d10
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
◉ Electron impact. Answer: Sample vaporised and electron gun fires
high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each
particle, making them 1+ ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
◉ electrospray ionization. Answer: Sample dissolved in volatile
solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles gain
proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
◉ Acceleration (TOF). Answer: positive ions accelerated using
electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
◉ Ion drift (TOF). Answer: particles with small mass have larger
velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching detector
first
, ◉ Detection (TOF). Answer: positive ions hit negatively charged
plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the larger the
current the higher the abundance
◉ Analysis (TOF). Answer: -computer uses data to produce mass
spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due
to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
◉ Electron spin. Answer: Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
◉ Orbitals. Answer: Defined regions of space around nucleus where
electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2 electrons
◉ Hund's Rule. Answer: Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their
own and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same energy are
available
◉ Electron configuration. Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
4p6 4d10
