MHA 707 CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● U.S. health spending (% GDP). Answer: ~18-18.3%, highest in the
world
● U.S. per-capita health spending. Answer: ~$13,000 per person
● Iron Triangle of Healthcare. Answer: Access, Quality, Cost—
improving two worsens the third
● Triple Aim (IHI). Answer: Population health, experience of care, per-
capita cost
● U.S. obesity rate. Answer: ~40% of adults obese
● Chronic disease spending (U.S.). Answer: ~75% of total healthcare
spending
● U.S. life expectancy. Answer: ~79 years
● U.S. overdose deaths (2021). Answer: 106,699 deaths
, ● Rural U.S. population. Answer: ~60 million people (~20%)
● Rural insurance coverage. Answer: ~93% insured; access limited by
geography
● Rural OB access. Answer: ~50% of rural counties lack obstetrical
services
● Projected U.S. physician shortage. Answer: ~86,000 physicians by
2036
● Aging physician workforce. Answer: 22% of physicians age 55-64
● Role of NPs and PAs. Answer: Expand primary care access and
mitigate physician shortages
● UK NHS founding year. Answer: 1947
● NHS system type. Answer: Socialized medicine
● NHS core principle. Answer: #1 Universal coverage
● NHS core principle #2. Answer: Free at point of use
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● U.S. health spending (% GDP). Answer: ~18-18.3%, highest in the
world
● U.S. per-capita health spending. Answer: ~$13,000 per person
● Iron Triangle of Healthcare. Answer: Access, Quality, Cost—
improving two worsens the third
● Triple Aim (IHI). Answer: Population health, experience of care, per-
capita cost
● U.S. obesity rate. Answer: ~40% of adults obese
● Chronic disease spending (U.S.). Answer: ~75% of total healthcare
spending
● U.S. life expectancy. Answer: ~79 years
● U.S. overdose deaths (2021). Answer: 106,699 deaths
, ● Rural U.S. population. Answer: ~60 million people (~20%)
● Rural insurance coverage. Answer: ~93% insured; access limited by
geography
● Rural OB access. Answer: ~50% of rural counties lack obstetrical
services
● Projected U.S. physician shortage. Answer: ~86,000 physicians by
2036
● Aging physician workforce. Answer: 22% of physicians age 55-64
● Role of NPs and PAs. Answer: Expand primary care access and
mitigate physician shortages
● UK NHS founding year. Answer: 1947
● NHS system type. Answer: Socialized medicine
● NHS core principle. Answer: #1 Universal coverage
● NHS core principle #2. Answer: Free at point of use