NUR 445 CORE EXAM 2026 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Name some clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis. - ✔✔- Headache
- Confusion
- Restlessness
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Stupor/coma
- Kussmaul respirations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dysrhythmias
- Warm, flushed skin
- Seizures
- Twitching
- Peripheral vasodilation
✔✔What are the three phases of ARDS? - ✔✔1. Exudative: Results from diffuse
alveolar damage and endothelial injury
2. Proliferative: Ensues about 7-14 days after the injury, incorporating repair of the
damaged alveolar structure and re-establishment of the barrier function, together with
proliferation of fibroblasts
3. Fibrotic: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli, which follows in some
patients.
✔✔Vent Setting: What vent is used to treat refractory hypoxemia? - ✔✔Inverse
Inspiration expiration ratio: Inhalation is long and big, expiration is short.
✔✔What are some assessment findings that indicates a patient going through ventilator
associated complications? - ✔✔- Pneumonia
- Stress ulcers
- Deviated trachea or septum
- Uneven chest wall
- Subcutaneous emphysema
- Chest pain
- Crepitus in chest
- Accessory muscles
✔✔What is the correct landmark for a chest tap (needle decompression)? -
✔✔Midclavicular second intercostal space
Note: It's the FIRST/TOP X on the picture.
, ✔✔A patient is intubated and the settings on the vent were adjusted. However, the
patient becomes tachycardic. What should the nurse do? - ✔✔Change the vent settings
back to the previous setting.
✔✔If a patient had pleurodesis and spontaneous pneumo after, what would they
complain of? - ✔✔Pain
✔✔When a patient has chest tubes removed, what are two teaching points for the nurse
to rely? - ✔✔They need to have a dressing for two days and may experience pain.
✔✔What are two interventions to prevent ventilator complications? - ✔✔- Move the
tubing so they do not get skin breakdown.
- Oral care q2hr
✔✔Chest tube for a tension pneumo would be placed where? - ✔✔In the 2nd intercostal
space of midclavicular line.
✔✔How do we know if someone is ready to be weaned from the vent? - ✔✔- Cough
reflex
- Start breathing on their own
✔✔Constant peep means what? - ✔✔Constant pressure from vent.
✔✔What are five teaching points for ARDS patient's family members? - ✔✔- Prone
positioning
- Suction
- Oral care for vent
- Assess LOC
- Give patient fluids
✔✔What are three signs and symptoms of ARDS? - ✔✔- Use of accessory muscles
- Breath sounds diminished
- SPO2 <90
✔✔What is the DX test for pulmonary artery hypertension? - ✔✔Right-side cath.
✔✔To reduce mortality of ARDS, what non-pharm intervention do we do? - ✔✔Place
client in a prone position.
✔✔How do we know endo trach is placed correctly? - ✔✔End tidal CO2 monitor, go for
the gold monitor
✔✔Clabsi, def and how do we prevent it? - ✔✔- Central line associated bacterial
infection
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Name some clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis. - ✔✔- Headache
- Confusion
- Restlessness
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Stupor/coma
- Kussmaul respirations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dysrhythmias
- Warm, flushed skin
- Seizures
- Twitching
- Peripheral vasodilation
✔✔What are the three phases of ARDS? - ✔✔1. Exudative: Results from diffuse
alveolar damage and endothelial injury
2. Proliferative: Ensues about 7-14 days after the injury, incorporating repair of the
damaged alveolar structure and re-establishment of the barrier function, together with
proliferation of fibroblasts
3. Fibrotic: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli, which follows in some
patients.
✔✔Vent Setting: What vent is used to treat refractory hypoxemia? - ✔✔Inverse
Inspiration expiration ratio: Inhalation is long and big, expiration is short.
✔✔What are some assessment findings that indicates a patient going through ventilator
associated complications? - ✔✔- Pneumonia
- Stress ulcers
- Deviated trachea or septum
- Uneven chest wall
- Subcutaneous emphysema
- Chest pain
- Crepitus in chest
- Accessory muscles
✔✔What is the correct landmark for a chest tap (needle decompression)? -
✔✔Midclavicular second intercostal space
Note: It's the FIRST/TOP X on the picture.
, ✔✔A patient is intubated and the settings on the vent were adjusted. However, the
patient becomes tachycardic. What should the nurse do? - ✔✔Change the vent settings
back to the previous setting.
✔✔If a patient had pleurodesis and spontaneous pneumo after, what would they
complain of? - ✔✔Pain
✔✔When a patient has chest tubes removed, what are two teaching points for the nurse
to rely? - ✔✔They need to have a dressing for two days and may experience pain.
✔✔What are two interventions to prevent ventilator complications? - ✔✔- Move the
tubing so they do not get skin breakdown.
- Oral care q2hr
✔✔Chest tube for a tension pneumo would be placed where? - ✔✔In the 2nd intercostal
space of midclavicular line.
✔✔How do we know if someone is ready to be weaned from the vent? - ✔✔- Cough
reflex
- Start breathing on their own
✔✔Constant peep means what? - ✔✔Constant pressure from vent.
✔✔What are five teaching points for ARDS patient's family members? - ✔✔- Prone
positioning
- Suction
- Oral care for vent
- Assess LOC
- Give patient fluids
✔✔What are three signs and symptoms of ARDS? - ✔✔- Use of accessory muscles
- Breath sounds diminished
- SPO2 <90
✔✔What is the DX test for pulmonary artery hypertension? - ✔✔Right-side cath.
✔✔To reduce mortality of ARDS, what non-pharm intervention do we do? - ✔✔Place
client in a prone position.
✔✔How do we know endo trach is placed correctly? - ✔✔End tidal CO2 monitor, go for
the gold monitor
✔✔Clabsi, def and how do we prevent it? - ✔✔- Central line associated bacterial
infection
