NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Verified Answers
Asthma - ANSWER-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWER-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
,3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER-embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER-white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER-smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWER-control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
, alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER--expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWER-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER-These drugs block the effects
of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
Midterm Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Verified Answers
Asthma - ANSWER-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWER-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
,3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER-embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER-white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER-smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWER-control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
, alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER--expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWER-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER-These drugs block the effects
of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
