NURs521sExams3
naturalsimmunitys(innatesorsnative)s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔typesofsimmunitysthatsincludessphysicalsbarriers
s(e.g.,sskin),sphagocyticscells,sandsnaturalskillerscells.sAllsofsthesesfactorssar
espresentsbeforesexposurestosasparticularsinfectioussagent,sandsallsrespondsn
onspecifically.
specificsacquiredsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Immunitysinswhichsresponsessoccursonlysafterse
xposurestosasforeignssubstance.sObjectivesisstosdestroysantigens
Antigenss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesforeignssubstancessthatsinducesspecific sresp
onsessinsspecificsacquiredsimmunity
Cell-mediated,sHumorals(antibody-mediated)s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔thestwosclassessofsspecific sacquiredsimmunity
Cell-mediatedsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔refersstosimmunesresponsessinswhichstargetssares
attackedsdirectlysbysimmunessystemscells—
specifically,scytolyticsTscellssandsmacrophages
,Humoralsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔refersstosimmunesresponsessthatsaresmediatedsby
santibodies.
Bslymphocytess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔havesthesjobsofsmakingsantibodies. sHencesmedia
tesshumoralsimmunity.sproducedsinsthesbonesmarrow.
CytolyticsTsCellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔attacksandskillstargetscellssdirectly, smaturesinsthe
sthymus
HelpersTscellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔contribute stosthesimmune sresponsesinsthreesway
s:s(1)stheyshavesansessentialsrolesinsantibodysproductionsbysBscells;s(2)stheys
releasesfactorssthatspromotestypesIVssensitivitysreactions,salsosknownsassde
layed-
typeshypersensitivitys(DTH);sands(3)stheysparticipatesinsthesactivationsofsc
ytolyticsTscells.
AresthesimmunescellsthatsHIVsattackss
Maturesinsthesthymus
Macrophagess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Presentsinsallsorganssandstissues,sprimarysrolesiss
phagocytosis,s(1)stheysaresrequiredsforsactivationsofsTscellss(bothshelpersTsc
ellssandscytolyticsTscells),s(2)stheysaresthesfinalsmediatorssofsDTH,sands(3)st
heysphagocytizescellssthatshavesbeenstaggedswithsantibodies
,DendriticsCellss-sCORRECTsANSWER✔performsthessamesantigen-
presentingstasksassdosmacrophages,sbutsdosnotsactsassscavengers
Mastscellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesescellssmediate simmediateshypersensitivity
sreactions,sderivedsfromsbasophils, sconcentratedsinsthesskinsandsotherssoftsti
ssues,sreleaseshistamine,sheparin,sandsotherscompoundssthatscausesthessym
ptomssofsimmediateshypersensitivity
Basophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesescellssmediate simmediateshypersensitivity
sreactions,scirculatesinsthesblood,sreleaseshistamine,sheparin,sandsotherscom
poundssthatscausesthessymptomssofsimmediateshypersensitivity
Neutrophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔phagocytizesbacteriasandsothersforeignsparticles
,savidlysdevourscellssthatshavesbeenstaggedswithsantibodiessofsthesimmunog
lobulinsGs(IgG)sclass,smajorscontributorsstosinflammation
Eosinophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔attacksandsdestroysforeignsparticlessthatshavesbe
enscoatedswithsantibodiessofsthesIgEsclass.sTheirsusualstargetsisshelminthss(
parasiticsworms).salsoscontributestostissuesinjurysandsinflammationsassocia
tedswithsimmediateshypersensitivitysreactions.
Antibodiess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔aresasfamilysofsstructurallysrelatedsglycoprotein
, ssthatsmediateshumoralsimmunity.sThesmostscharacteristicsfeaturesisstheirsa
bilitystosrecognizesandsbindswithsspecificsantigens.
Immunoglobulinssandsglobulins.s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Alternative snamessforsantibodiessare
Bslymphocytess-sCORRECTsANSWER✔allsantibodiessaresproducedsby
IgAs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔locatedsinsmucoussmembranessofsthesGIstractsan
dslungssandsinsmanyssecretions,sservesassthesfirstslinesofsdefensesagainstsmi
crobessenteringsthesbodysviasthesesroutes,stransferredstosinfantssviasbreastm
ilks(notsabsorbedsinsthesGIstract,sbutsdoessprotectsthesinfantsfromsmicrobessi
nsthesGIstract)
IgDs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔foundsonlysonsthessurfacesofsmaturesBscellsswhe
resitsservessassasreceptorsforsantigensrecognitions(alongswithsIgM)
IgEs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔bindstosthessurfacesofsmastscells,sstimulating sthes
releasesofshistamine,sheparin,sandsothersmediatorssfromsthesmastscellscausi
ngssymptomssofsallergys(hives,shaysfever),sbindstosparasiticsworms,seosino
philssbindstosthesig,sreleasingscompoundssthatslysesthesworm
IgGs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Producedsinscopioussamountssinsresponsestosanti
naturalsimmunitys(innatesorsnative)s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔typesofsimmunitysthatsincludessphysicalsbarriers
s(e.g.,sskin),sphagocyticscells,sandsnaturalskillerscells.sAllsofsthesesfactorssar
espresentsbeforesexposurestosasparticularsinfectioussagent,sandsallsrespondsn
onspecifically.
specificsacquiredsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Immunitysinswhichsresponsessoccursonlysafterse
xposurestosasforeignssubstance.sObjectivesisstosdestroysantigens
Antigenss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesforeignssubstancessthatsinducesspecific sresp
onsessinsspecificsacquiredsimmunity
Cell-mediated,sHumorals(antibody-mediated)s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔thestwosclassessofsspecific sacquiredsimmunity
Cell-mediatedsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔refersstosimmunesresponsessinswhichstargetssares
attackedsdirectlysbysimmunessystemscells—
specifically,scytolyticsTscellssandsmacrophages
,Humoralsimmunitys-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔refersstosimmunesresponsessthatsaresmediatedsby
santibodies.
Bslymphocytess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔havesthesjobsofsmakingsantibodies. sHencesmedia
tesshumoralsimmunity.sproducedsinsthesbonesmarrow.
CytolyticsTsCellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔attacksandskillstargetscellssdirectly, smaturesinsthe
sthymus
HelpersTscellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔contribute stosthesimmune sresponsesinsthreesway
s:s(1)stheyshavesansessentialsrolesinsantibodysproductionsbysBscells;s(2)stheys
releasesfactorssthatspromotestypesIVssensitivitysreactions,salsosknownsassde
layed-
typeshypersensitivitys(DTH);sands(3)stheysparticipatesinsthesactivationsofsc
ytolyticsTscells.
AresthesimmunescellsthatsHIVsattackss
Maturesinsthesthymus
Macrophagess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Presentsinsallsorganssandstissues,sprimarysrolesiss
phagocytosis,s(1)stheysaresrequiredsforsactivationsofsTscellss(bothshelpersTsc
ellssandscytolyticsTscells),s(2)stheysaresthesfinalsmediatorssofsDTH,sands(3)st
heysphagocytizescellssthatshavesbeenstaggedswithsantibodies
,DendriticsCellss-sCORRECTsANSWER✔performsthessamesantigen-
presentingstasksassdosmacrophages,sbutsdosnotsactsassscavengers
Mastscellss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesescellssmediate simmediateshypersensitivity
sreactions,sderivedsfromsbasophils, sconcentratedsinsthesskinsandsotherssoftsti
ssues,sreleaseshistamine,sheparin,sandsotherscompoundssthatscausesthessym
ptomssofsimmediateshypersensitivity
Basophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Thesescellssmediate simmediateshypersensitivity
sreactions,scirculatesinsthesblood,sreleaseshistamine,sheparin,sandsotherscom
poundssthatscausesthessymptomssofsimmediateshypersensitivity
Neutrophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔phagocytizesbacteriasandsothersforeignsparticles
,savidlysdevourscellssthatshavesbeenstaggedswithsantibodiessofsthesimmunog
lobulinsGs(IgG)sclass,smajorscontributorsstosinflammation
Eosinophilss-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔attacksandsdestroysforeignsparticlessthatshavesbe
enscoatedswithsantibodiessofsthesIgEsclass.sTheirsusualstargetsisshelminthss(
parasiticsworms).salsoscontributestostissuesinjurysandsinflammationsassocia
tedswithsimmediateshypersensitivitysreactions.
Antibodiess-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔aresasfamilysofsstructurallysrelatedsglycoprotein
, ssthatsmediateshumoralsimmunity.sThesmostscharacteristicsfeaturesisstheirsa
bilitystosrecognizesandsbindswithsspecificsantigens.
Immunoglobulinssandsglobulins.s-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Alternative snamessforsantibodiessare
Bslymphocytess-sCORRECTsANSWER✔allsantibodiessaresproducedsby
IgAs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔locatedsinsmucoussmembranessofsthesGIstractsan
dslungssandsinsmanyssecretions,sservesassthesfirstslinesofsdefensesagainstsmi
crobessenteringsthesbodysviasthesesroutes,stransferredstosinfantssviasbreastm
ilks(notsabsorbedsinsthesGIstract,sbutsdoessprotectsthesinfantsfromsmicrobessi
nsthesGIstract)
IgDs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔foundsonlysonsthessurfacesofsmaturesBscellsswhe
resitsservessassasreceptorsforsantigensrecognitions(alongswithsIgM)
IgEs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔bindstosthessurfacesofsmastscells,sstimulating sthes
releasesofshistamine,sheparin,sandsothersmediatorssfromsthesmastscellscausi
ngssymptomssofsallergys(hives,shaysfever),sbindstosparasiticsworms,seosino
philssbindstosthesig,sreleasingscompoundssthatslysesthesworm
IgGs-
sCORRECTsANSWER✔Producedsinscopioussamountssinsresponsestosanti
