PNB 2265 EXAM 2 Questions With Correct Answers

PNB 2265 EXAM 2 Questions With Correct
Answers

Non-Specific |(innate) |Immune |System |Analogy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bank |wall |to |keep |
robbers |out



Specific |(adaptive) |Immune |System |Analogy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Surveillance |camera |to |
identify |specific |bank |robber



Role |of |Immune |Responses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Defend/protect |against |infection |by |
microbes, |immune |surveillance, |elimination |of |damaged |cells



Negative |Aspect |of |Immune |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Allergies/hypersensitivity, |autoimmune |
diseases, |and |organ |transplant |reactions



Microbes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Viruses, |bacteria, |fungi, |other |parasites |(specific |immune |
protects |against |this)



Non-Specific |Defenses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(Protect |against |foreign |matter |without |having |
to |specifically |recognize |its |identity) |Physical |barriers, |phagocytes, |immunological |surveillance, |
interferons, |complement |system, |inflammatory |response, |fever



Physical |Barriers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prevent |approach |and |deny |access |to |pathogens |
(epithelium, |secretions, |duct |of |sweat |gland, |hair, |skin |and |mucous |membranes, |variety |of |
protective |chemicals, |ciliated |mucosa, |acidity |of |the |skin, |gastric |HCl, |enzymes, |lysozyme |of |
saliva

,Phagocytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Remove |debris |and |pathogens |(fixed |macrophage, |
neutrophil, |free |macrophage, |eosinophil, |monocyte)



Immunological |Surveillance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Destroys |abnormal |cells, |for |example |NK |
cells |attach |to |abnormal |cells |and |lyse |them



Interferons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |resistance |of |cells |to |viral |infection
|(slow/INTERFERE |with |the |spread |of |a |disease), |



-interferons |are |released |by |activated |lymphocytes, |macrophages, |or |virus-infected |cells



Complement |System |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(Series |of |enzymes( |Attacks |and |breaks |down |
cell |walls, |attracts |phagocytes |

-For |ex, |a |bunch |of |complement |attaches |to |the |cell |wall |of |a |pathogen |and |then |lyses |it



Inflammatory |Response |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Multiple |effects

-Blood |flow |increased

-Phagocytes |activated

-Increased |capillary |permeability

-Complement |activated

-Clotting |reaction |walls |of |the |region

-Regional |temperature |increased

-Specific |defenses |activated



Chemical |Alarms |Released |into |ECF |that |Medicate |Inflammation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Histamines, |Kinins, |Prostaglandins, |Complement, |Other |Cytokines



Histamines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Released |by |mast |cells, |promote |vasodilation |and |
increased |capillary |permeability

,Kinins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(Ex. |Bradykinin) |Cleaved |from |kininogin |protein, |similar |effects |
to |histamine |but |also |induces |CHEMOTAXIS |OF |LEUKS |and |stimulate |neutrophils |to |RELEASE |
ENZYME |that |then |generate |more |kinins, |INDUCE |PAIN



Prostaglandins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Make |BV |more |sensitized |to |effects |of |the |other |
inflammatory |mediators |and |INDUCE |PAIN



Complement |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Protein |that |lyses |microorganisms, |enhances |
phagocytosis |by |opsonization, |intensifies |inflammatory |response



Other |Cytokines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Mediators/signals |for |inflammation, |play |roles |in |
specific |defense |mechanisms



Opsonins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Proteins |that |attract |phagocytosis



Fever |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Mobilizes |defenses, |accelerates |repairs, |inhibits |pathogens |
(body |temp |rises |above |37.2 |in |response |to |pathogens), |increases |metabolic |rate |of |cells



Lymphatic |System |Consists |of |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lymph, |lymphatic |vessels, |lymphoid |
tissues, |lymphoid |organs



Lymph |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |colorless |fluid |containing |white |blood |cells, |that |bathes |the |
tissues |and |drains |through |the |lymphatic |system |into |the |bloodstream



Lymphatic |Vessels |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carry |lymph, |capillaries |are |blind-ended |located |at |
vascular |capillary |beds, |can |be |afferent |and |efferent

, Primary |Lymphoid |Organs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Thymus |and |bone |marrow |("lymphoid |
tissue")



Thymus |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Primary |lymphoid |organ |where |T |lymphocytes |mature



Bone |Marrow |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Primary |lymphoid |organ |that |produces |all |lymphocytes,
|where |the |B |cells |amture




Functions |of |the |Lymphatic |System |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Body |fluid |homeostasis |and |
immune |system



Lymph |Nodes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Capsule |of |fibrous |tissue, |partitions |(differentiated |from
|nodules), |where |99% |of |antigens |are |removed |and |processed |(FILTERS), |contain |macrophages




Dendritic |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Found |in |certain |tissues, |if |activated |migrate |to |lymph |
nodes |to |present |antigen



Lymphatic |Nodules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lymphocytes |densely |packed |in |loose |CT, |found |in
|CT |under |the |epithelium |of |respiratory, |digestive, |and |urinatry |tracts |NO |FIBROUS |CAPSULE




Examples |of |Lymphatic |Nodules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Tonsils, |Peyer's |patches



Nodes |vs. |Nodules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nodule |is |not |a |filter |and |located |in |specific |places
|and |not |always |attached |to |lymphatic |channels




Nodule |is |a |tiny |chunk |of |immune |cells |and |does |not |have |vessels |like |nodes |do |not |a |filter



Spleen |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lymphoid |tissue, |FILTER |(removes |RBC) |stores |Fe |and |may |
initiate |immune |response