BIOD 102 Portage Learning-Final Exam
(2026/2027)
(Cumulative Study Guide & Verified Answers) – covers all 6
modules: Genetics, DNA Replication, Endocrine Signaling,
Homeostasis, Pharmacokinetics, and Epidemiology
Q1: During the process of DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase can only add
nucleotides in which direction?
A. 3' to 5' direction
B. 5' to 3' direction
C. In both directions simultaneously
D. Randomly
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' hydroxyl group of the
growing strand, meaning synthesis always proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
Q2: Which of the following best describes the "Central Dogma" of biology?
A. Protein -> DNA -> RNA
B. DNA -> RNA -> Protein
C. RNA -> DNA -> Protein
D. Protein -> RNA -> DNA
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed
into RNA, which is then translated into Protein.
.
, Q3: A cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. Which type of cell division
is this?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary Fission
D. Fertilization
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter
cells, used for growth and repair in somatic cells. Meiosis produces gametes with half the
number of chromosomes.
Q4: If a cell has a DNA sequence of TAC on the template strand, what would be the resulting
codon on the mRNA?
A. ATG
B. AUG
C. UAC
D. TAC
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: mRNA is synthesized complementary to the DNA template strand (Adenine pairs
with Uracil, Thymine pairs with Adenine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine). DNA TAC pairs with
mRNA AUG.
Q5: Which of the following mutations involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, shifting
the reading frame?
A. Point mutation
B. Frameshift mutation
C. Silent mutation
D. Missense mutation
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
.
(2026/2027)
(Cumulative Study Guide & Verified Answers) – covers all 6
modules: Genetics, DNA Replication, Endocrine Signaling,
Homeostasis, Pharmacokinetics, and Epidemiology
Q1: During the process of DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase can only add
nucleotides in which direction?
A. 3' to 5' direction
B. 5' to 3' direction
C. In both directions simultaneously
D. Randomly
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' hydroxyl group of the
growing strand, meaning synthesis always proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
Q2: Which of the following best describes the "Central Dogma" of biology?
A. Protein -> DNA -> RNA
B. DNA -> RNA -> Protein
C. RNA -> DNA -> Protein
D. Protein -> RNA -> DNA
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed
into RNA, which is then translated into Protein.
.
, Q3: A cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. Which type of cell division
is this?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary Fission
D. Fertilization
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter
cells, used for growth and repair in somatic cells. Meiosis produces gametes with half the
number of chromosomes.
Q4: If a cell has a DNA sequence of TAC on the template strand, what would be the resulting
codon on the mRNA?
A. ATG
B. AUG
C. UAC
D. TAC
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
Rationale: mRNA is synthesized complementary to the DNA template strand (Adenine pairs
with Uracil, Thymine pairs with Adenine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine). DNA TAC pairs with
mRNA AUG.
Q5: Which of the following mutations involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, shifting
the reading frame?
A. Point mutation
B. Frameshift mutation
C. Silent mutation
D. Missense mutation
Correct Answer: B [CORRECT]
.
