HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is histology? - ANSWER-The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - ANSWER-A group of cells that act together to perform a specific
function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - ANSWER-Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - ANSWER-Cover, line, and protect the
body and the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - ANSWER-Framework of the body.
Provides support and structure to organs.
,What is neuroglia? - ANSWER-The neurons and connective tissue cells that
compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - ANSWER-Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - ANSWER-Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - ANSWER-The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e.
the ovaries and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - ANSWER-Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - ANSWER-The outermost protective layer of dead
keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - ANSWER-The underlying layer of connective tissue with
blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - ANSWER-Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
, What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - ANSWER-Radiation
from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - ANSWER-Fibrous connective tissue with nerve
endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - ANSWER-ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - ANSWER-Sweat. Regulate body
temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - ANSWER-Secretions contain bits of
cytoplasm from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - ANSWER-They secrete sebum through the
hair follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - ANSWER-Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - ANSWER-Becoming
clogged and attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - ANSWER-Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - ANSWER-Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is histology? - ANSWER-The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - ANSWER-A group of cells that act together to perform a specific
function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - ANSWER-Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - ANSWER-Cover, line, and protect the
body and the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - ANSWER-Framework of the body.
Provides support and structure to organs.
,What is neuroglia? - ANSWER-The neurons and connective tissue cells that
compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - ANSWER-Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - ANSWER-Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - ANSWER-The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e.
the ovaries and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - ANSWER-Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - ANSWER-The outermost protective layer of dead
keratinized epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - ANSWER-The underlying layer of connective tissue with
blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - ANSWER-Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
, What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - ANSWER-Radiation
from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - ANSWER-Fibrous connective tissue with nerve
endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - ANSWER-ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - ANSWER-Sweat. Regulate body
temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - ANSWER-Secretions contain bits of
cytoplasm from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - ANSWER-They secrete sebum through the
hair follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - ANSWER-Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - ANSWER-Becoming
clogged and attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - ANSWER-Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - ANSWER-Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
