Exam 2 NR 545 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - ANSWER-Patho: Chest pain associated with
decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial tissue.
Chest pain PA - ANSWER-Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - ANSWER-Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and widens blood
vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
Chest pain risks - ANSWER-Risks and complications: Acute Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER-blood flow to the heart is minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
,MI Patho - ANSWER-imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
MI PA - ANSWER-Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
MI Dx - ANSWER-Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one week after
infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER-when blood vessels that carry oxygen to organs and
tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - ANSWER-inflammatory process that begins with damage
to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking, high cholesterol, or other risk
factors.
, Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - ANSWER-modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - ANSWER-Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - ANSWER-Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - ANSWER-complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or
functional impairment of ventricular or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to
the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
Solutions
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - ANSWER-Patho: Chest pain associated with
decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial tissue.
Chest pain PA - ANSWER-Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - ANSWER-Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and widens blood
vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
Chest pain risks - ANSWER-Risks and complications: Acute Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER-blood flow to the heart is minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
,MI Patho - ANSWER-imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
MI PA - ANSWER-Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
MI Dx - ANSWER-Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one week after
infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER-when blood vessels that carry oxygen to organs and
tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - ANSWER-inflammatory process that begins with damage
to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking, high cholesterol, or other risk
factors.
, Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - ANSWER-modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - ANSWER-Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - ANSWER-Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - ANSWER-complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or
functional impairment of ventricular or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to
the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
